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Merged US may close Cuba Embassy over 'health attacks'
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Anderson & Entous, continued: Of People Killed by Skepticism
Anderson and Entous make the same mistake as the JAMA studies: They confuse psychogenesis with having an incentive. As if people who suffer from mass psychogenic illness are faking it in order to achieve some kind of benefits. But they aren't faking their symptoms. They misunderstand their symptoms as caused by something that doesn't actually cause them: in this case an imaginary sonic attack due to the specific trigger in this specific case: the misinterpretation of the sound of crickets. In another context, the trigger could have been a smell, What Happened to the Girls in Le Roy (NYT, Mar 7, 2012). Remember that a smell also triggered an outbreak of MPI at the U.S. embassy in Havana 30 years ago (see post 1,695).
So A&E make two mistakes about mass psychogenic illness (MPI):
They think that MPI is either 1) caused by a particular susceptiblity, a weakness: They must be "a bunch of nervous nellies". Or 2) the victims are faking it, i.e. they must have an "incentive to make up a story".
And since the 'Havana Syndrome' victims are so very experienced, prime, type A personalities, and really, really serious people, they can't possibly have come down with a bad case of MPI because that only happens to nervous nellies and pushovers.
The same argument against MPI as the cause of 'Havana Syndrome' appeared in this thread only seven minutes after I had posted the OP, and it has popped up a couple of times since then.
As for skepticism killing 'Havana Syndrome' sufferers, it's another one of those drama queen tricks used by Anderson & Entous. Nobody has died, be it from the 'syndrome' or from skepticism about it. So far, the 'Havana Syndrome' has only made people sick, which is bad enough. Skepticism is not what made them sick. What made them sick in the first place was the interpretation of cricket sounds as signs of an ongoing attack.
One of the things that contribute to making these people stay sick is bad journalism.
Bad journalism helps ruin these people's lives. It really does!
To be continued ...
Anderson and Entous make the same mistake as the JAMA studies: They confuse psychogenesis with having an incentive. As if people who suffer from mass psychogenic illness are faking it in order to achieve some kind of benefits. But they aren't faking their symptoms. They misunderstand their symptoms as caused by something that doesn't actually cause them: in this case an imaginary sonic attack due to the specific trigger in this specific case: the misinterpretation of the sound of crickets. In another context, the trigger could have been a smell, What Happened to the Girls in Le Roy (NYT, Mar 7, 2012). Remember that a smell also triggered an outbreak of MPI at the U.S. embassy in Havana 30 years ago (see post 1,695).
So A&E make two mistakes about mass psychogenic illness (MPI):
They think that MPI is either 1) caused by a particular susceptiblity, a weakness: They must be "a bunch of nervous nellies". Or 2) the victims are faking it, i.e. they must have an "incentive to make up a story".
And since the 'Havana Syndrome' victims are so very experienced, prime, type A personalities, and really, really serious people, they can't possibly have come down with a bad case of MPI because that only happens to nervous nellies and pushovers.
The same argument against MPI as the cause of 'Havana Syndrome' appeared in this thread only seven minutes after I had posted the OP, and it has popped up a couple of times since then.
As for skepticism killing 'Havana Syndrome' sufferers, it's another one of those drama queen tricks used by Anderson & Entous. Nobody has died, be it from the 'syndrome' or from skepticism about it. So far, the 'Havana Syndrome' has only made people sick, which is bad enough. Skepticism is not what made them sick. What made them sick in the first place was the interpretation of cricket sounds as signs of an ongoing attack.
One of the things that contribute to making these people stay sick is bad journalism.
Bad journalism helps ruin these people's lives. It really does!
To be continued ...
Anderson & Entous, continued: So Why Did the Alleged Attacks Stop?
We do know. The U.S. government has figured out what happened. All the headlines told us so:
'Havana syndrome not caused by foreign adversary, US intelligence says
'Havana syndrome' not linked to foreign adversary, says US intelligence
US Finds No Evidence to Link Adversaries to 'Havana syndrome'
'Havana syndrome' not caused by foreign adversary, U.S. intelligence finds
There is even this article by Adam Entous, who must have changed his mind since March 1, 2023:
Foreign Adversarries 'Very Unlikely' to Blame for Havana Syndrome, Intelligence Review Finds
As for the "coincidence or not": The CIA interim report was released on Jan 20, 2022. One week earlier, on Jan 13, there were still media reports about 'syndrome' cases, this time in Paris and Geneva, and Russia was still the suspected adversarial perpetrator:
After the CIA interim report telling intelligence officials, diplomats and other U.S. government workers all around the world that there was no reason to fear that "an adversary may have targeted diplomats with microwaves," the alleged attacks stopped. Not even David Relman's minority report in early February and CBS 60 Minutes later that same month pushing the attack narrative were able to revive the 'syndrome' - except in the community of Targeted Individuals. The fears of U.S. government employees seemed to have been assuaged.
Coincidence? Very unlikely!
It is absurd to use Russia's invasion of the Ukraine as an argument for the hypothesis that the 'syndrome' was caused by a Russian microwave attack. Another very outspoken fan of the Russian-microwave-attack idea (see post 1,820):
Why the **** would the Russians stop using a weapon that "can remove the most capable officers from the battlefield, create fear and distract" just when it would be needed the most to remove capable Ukrainian officers from the battlefield? Why abstain from using it when "it wouldn’t be hard to unleash it on [the] unsuspecting" Zelensky?!
The idea is absurd, no matter how many senior officials have managed to persuade Anderson and Entous that it is sound! (Pun not intended, but now that it's there, I really, really like it!
)
The end - for now.
But it just occurred to be that I should probably comment on the weird alliance that has been formed between the Russian media and the Targeted Individuals. Also interesting in this context: For some reason, the TIs seem to be very fond of James Giordano!
We do know. The U.S. government has figured out what happened. All the headlines told us so:
'Havana syndrome not caused by foreign adversary, US intelligence says
'Havana syndrome' not linked to foreign adversary, says US intelligence
US Finds No Evidence to Link Adversaries to 'Havana syndrome'
'Havana syndrome' not caused by foreign adversary, U.S. intelligence finds
There is even this article by Adam Entous, who must have changed his mind since March 1, 2023:
Foreign Adversarries 'Very Unlikely' to Blame for Havana Syndrome, Intelligence Review Finds
As for the "coincidence or not": The CIA interim report was released on Jan 20, 2022. One week earlier, on Jan 13, there were still media reports about 'syndrome' cases, this time in Paris and Geneva, and Russia was still the suspected adversarial perpetrator:
After the CIA interim report telling intelligence officials, diplomats and other U.S. government workers all around the world that there was no reason to fear that "an adversary may have targeted diplomats with microwaves," the alleged attacks stopped. Not even David Relman's minority report in early February and CBS 60 Minutes later that same month pushing the attack narrative were able to revive the 'syndrome' - except in the community of Targeted Individuals. The fears of U.S. government employees seemed to have been assuaged.
Coincidence? Very unlikely!
It is absurd to use Russia's invasion of the Ukraine as an argument for the hypothesis that the 'syndrome' was caused by a Russian microwave attack. Another very outspoken fan of the Russian-microwave-attack idea (see post 1,820):
Why the **** would the Russians stop using a weapon that "can remove the most capable officers from the battlefield, create fear and distract" just when it would be needed the most to remove capable Ukrainian officers from the battlefield? Why abstain from using it when "it wouldn’t be hard to unleash it on [the] unsuspecting" Zelensky?!
The idea is absurd, no matter how many senior officials have managed to persuade Anderson and Entous that it is sound! (Pun not intended, but now that it's there, I really, really like it!
)The end - for now.
But it just occurred to be that I should probably comment on the weird alliance that has been formed between the Russian media and the Targeted Individuals. Also interesting in this context: For some reason, the TIs seem to be very fond of James Giordano!
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Replicating 'Havana Syndrome' in Ferret Brains
After PETA, another society for the protection of animals has joined the protest against the DoD's experiments with ferret brains:
Stop Replicating "Havana Syndrome" in Animals' Brains (National Anti-Vivisection Society (NAVS))
But the NAVS has misunderstood what this experiment is actually about.
There is no doubt that the DoD has granted money for the torture of ferrets in the name of (alleged) science, but "Replicating "Havana Syndrome" in Animals' Brains" requires that the animals are 1) exposed to the sound of crickets, and 2) persuaded to believe that it is the sound of an attack that will damage their brains.
1) is easily accomplished by using either actual crickets or recordings of cricket sounds.
However, the animal psychologists I've spoken to all assure me that
2) is impossible. It just can't be done.
After PETA, another society for the protection of animals has joined the protest against the DoD's experiments with ferret brains:
Stop Replicating "Havana Syndrome" in Animals' Brains (National Anti-Vivisection Society (NAVS))
But the NAVS has misunderstood what this experiment is actually about.
There is no doubt that the DoD has granted money for the torture of ferrets in the name of (alleged) science, but "Replicating "Havana Syndrome" in Animals' Brains" requires that the animals are 1) exposed to the sound of crickets, and 2) persuaded to believe that it is the sound of an attack that will damage their brains.
1) is easily accomplished by using either actual crickets or recordings of cricket sounds.
However, the animal psychologists I've spoken to all assure me that
2) is impossible. It just can't be done.
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Kamala Harris Sick And Battled With Havana Syndrome, But Is She Sick Now? Illness and Health Update (GeniusCelebs, Mar 9, 2023)
Well, it's not as if other news media hasn't resorted to reporting entirely fake news about the 'syndrome' and its victims, is it?
Well, it's not as if other news media hasn't resorted to reporting entirely fake news about the 'syndrome' and its victims, is it?
The DoD's Response to Anomalous Health Incidents
Evaluation of the DoD's Response to Anomalous Health Incidents, or "Havana Syndrome" (Inspector General, U.S. Department of Defense, Mar 9, 2023)
I don't think that even the redacted parts of this report would be interesting if one had access to them.
And not a word about ferrets (Anomalous Animal Health Incidents), but maybe that's what's been redacted!
Evaluation of the DoD's Response to Anomalous Health Incidents, or "Havana Syndrome" (Inspector General, U.S. Department of Defense, Mar 9, 2023)
I don't think that even the redacted parts of this report would be interesting if one had access to them.
And not a word about ferrets (Anomalous Animal Health Incidents), but maybe that's what's been redacted!
In post 1,752, I mentioned that Targeted Individual Len Ber was on RT / Whistleblowers with John Kiriakou. Also here: Havana Syndrome (Sovren.media, Mar 3, 2023)
The community of Targeted Individual thinks that the mainstream media is biassed against them, so it it not surprising that Len Ber, a former citizen of Russia, uses Russian media to get his message out. For a transcript of parts of the video see post 1,752 above.
But what makes Russia interested in this? I have noticed a far-from-subtle change in Russian media's reporting about the 'syndrome' over the years. I may have missed something because Google tends to hide articles from RT and Sputnik (and also from Chinese Xinhua) unless you specifically search for those. RT was happy to report when researchers revealed the sound of the attack to be recordings of crickets (as was I). Also here. And at one point, an RT studio host actually wore a tinfoil hat when reporting on the 'Havana syndrome'! I posted about this in the thread, but my link from that post is dead now. And back then, Russian media also called the idea of microwave weapons 'science fiction'. (Cuba still does!)
But at one point, when both Blinken and Burns, more or less openly, had started accusing Russia of being the perpetrator of the alleged 'syndrome' attacks, Russian media went on the offensive and countered with their own accusations: The 'syndrome' was real and US intelligence agencies were the perpetrator. And nowadays Russian media loves the TIs, who believe that the CIA and/or similar agencies are V2K'ing them.
RT used to refer to the crickets to ridicule the USA, but now they accuse the USA of dismissing the allegedly very plausible 'syndrome' "as the product of crickets", nnd Len Ber is invited into the studio to talk about how he is being attacked almost permanently on U.S. soil.
With the ODNI report, the US government has declared that there never was any attack by a foreign adversary, whereas Russia has embraced the idea of 'Havana Syndrome' and supports the TI community. I assume that this is Russia's way to sow confusion and distrust in the U.S. government. I can't imagine that it will help Russia in any way. After all, the TI community is small and very fringe, and I don't think that this will change. Or maybe it is meant for a Russian audience as a kind of 'This is what the USA is like'.
I have seen no sign that Cuba intends to follow suit. In all the Cuban articles about the 'syndrome' I've seen, Cuba has remained devoted to science and facts and hasn't embraced or even aired these conspiracy theories. And this is not the only point where Russia and Cuba go their separate ways.
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So sensations that something physical is going on, i.e. 'their symptoms are real', but no evidence whatsoever of a causative agent.
The symptoms are very similar to 'Havana syndrome'. Electromagnetic hypsersensibility would be a serious neurological manifestation, wouldn't it?!
As I have mentioned before:
On the one hand, the community of targeted individuals aren't happy with the way the U.S. government has handled the 'Havana syndrome'. They think that their own problems are being neglected because the government agencies have been focussed on diplomats, spies, military personnel and other government staff, and they want the same recognition as being the victims of targeted attacks by (some kind of) adversary/-ies. It's the MeToo! movement of people who believe that they are the victims of electronic harassment (Wikipedia) and envy 'official' victims like Marc Polymeropoulos (MP):
It refers to the recent WSJ article based almost exclusively on claims made by Marc Polymeropoulos (see posts 1,820 and 1,823).
There is no doubt that Len Ber understands MP's situation. Probably not more than MP can imagine, but as much as MP fears and hates. MP isn't happy with this attempt by Len Ber to embrace him because it threatens to ruin his claim to be suffering from a "combat injury" (see post 1,659) that he got when he was allegedly attacked by Russians with microwave weapons. Where "Mr. Polymeropoulos sees the release of this [ODNI] report as an effort by Washington to sweep the whole thing under the rug," the whole thing being "the war between U.S. and Cuban intelligence," and doesn't see anybody who was not a combatant in this war as entitled to recognition and support, Len Ber sees him as a fellow sufferer of electronic harassment who doesn't want to share.
But on the other hand, the recognition of 'Havana syndrome' as an attack was the very thing that gave the TIs hope that they might somehow achieve the same recognition as victims of an attack, which is why he appeals to the reasonable man MP allegedly aspires to portray. A lot of good that will do him since neither MP nor the U.S. government will ever recognize the claims of the TI community the same way that 'Havana syndrome' was at one point fully recognized as having been caused by a sonic or microwave (or whatever) attack:
The irony is that the TI claims aren't the least bit more absurd, fantastical, and conspiratorial than the 'Havana syndrome' claims. There never was the least bit of evidence for any of them. And as for what appeared to be medical evidence of radio frequency attacks, Dr. Michael Hoffer appears to have diagnosed several cases in people who were never anywhere near a combat zone, a real one or the imaginary one in Havana.
As for the two recent podcast series, Entous & Anderson's on ViCE and Nicky Woolf's on Project Brazen, judged by Len Ber's poll, members of the TI community seem to favor Nicky Woolf's. I don't really see why they favor any one of them over the other since both series carefully avoided mentioning other targeted individuals than the ones who were officially recognized as having been targeted by foreign adversaries in AHI attacks. (I am not 100% sure that the TI community was never mentioned, but I'll spare myself from having to listen to the two series again. I don't remember TIs being mentioned, and mentioning them would ruin the story that both podcast series were trying to tell: that innocent diplomats and spies were targeted in a real attack by real enemies with real RF weapons.)
If I have to venture a guess, I think that Nicky Woolf's podcast series appeals more to the TIs because Beatrice Golomb figures so prominently in it.
And then there's James Giordano. Why is Len Ber so fond of Giordano?
I am not sure that he has actually read what Giordano writes. If he has, I don't think he fully understands what he read. I criticized James Giordano's article in detail in post 1,795. I think that Len Ber may have been taken in by James Giordano's appeal to compassion and pity for the victims. But 1) Giordano's appeal to compassion is nothing but an attempt to cancel all criticism of his own attack narrative, and 2) he would never dream of appealing to compassion for the ordinary, noncombatant TIs. Like all the other warmongers, Giordano sees them as jeopardizing his claim to being one of the researchers who have allegedly discovered an entirely new syndrome. (Is the Nobel Prize Committee watching?!)
Unlike Michael Hoffer (apparently), James Giordano won't let just anybody into the fold. For his claim to stand a chance, which I don't think it will for much longer, he knows that he will have to insist on the exceptionalism, the uniqueness, of the cases that he deemed worthy of being recognized as having been caused by microwave attacks.
Giordano may accept cases like Polymeropoulos's, but cases like Len Ber's ruin the picture he is trying to paint.
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Poison gas attack or mass psychogenic illness? Microwave attack or MPI?
On March 9, in post 1,774, I mentioned the case of Iranian schoolgirls that appeared to have been victims of a gas attack, but in many ways it looked more like mass psychogenic illness.
Rob Palmer, 'The Well-Known Skeptic', has a conversation with Robert Bartholomew about this recent Iranian MPI case and the 'Havana Syndrome':
Iranian Schoolgirl Gas Attacks and Havana Syndrome: A Conversation with Robert Bartholomew (Skeptical Inquirer, The Well-Known Skeptic, Mar 15, 2023)
ETA: The European Parliament seems to believe that the girls in Iran have actually been exposed to real poison attacks. I can believe that the Iranian government may have tried to "silence women and girls", but the poison story still sounds more like a case of MPI, which I assume is the reason why no "transparent and definitive report on the chemical attacks" has been issued and no "alleged perpetrators" have appeared in court.
This lack of perpetrators and 'smoking guns', i.e. traces of chemicals, sounds familiar, doesn't it?!
On March 9, in post 1,774, I mentioned the case of Iranian schoolgirls that appeared to have been victims of a gas attack, but in many ways it looked more like mass psychogenic illness.
Rob Palmer, 'The Well-Known Skeptic', has a conversation with Robert Bartholomew about this recent Iranian MPI case and the 'Havana Syndrome':
Iranian Schoolgirl Gas Attacks and Havana Syndrome: A Conversation with Robert Bartholomew (Skeptical Inquirer, The Well-Known Skeptic, Mar 15, 2023)
ETA: The European Parliament seems to believe that the girls in Iran have actually been exposed to real poison attacks. I can believe that the Iranian government may have tried to "silence women and girls", but the poison story still sounds more like a case of MPI, which I assume is the reason why no "transparent and definitive report on the chemical attacks" has been issued and no "alleged perpetrators" have appeared in court.
This lack of perpetrators and 'smoking guns', i.e. traces of chemicals, sounds familiar, doesn't it?!
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The syndrome sufferers DID know about each other and each other's experiences
Short video presenting most of the theories that have been proposed as explanations for the 'syndrome', ending with mass psychogenic illness:
The lies are being repeated again and again as they have been since the beginning. This is how "one person was influencing the behavior of" everybody working at the U.S. embassy in Havana on New Year's Eve, 2017:
After that, the State Department and the media took over and spread the lie to U.S. government staff all over the world.
As for the "almost universal characteristic:ringing in the ears," it was only almost universal in Havana, Cuba, where it was due to either crickets, in the majority of cases, or ordinary tinnitus in the rest.
It would be nice if the lies could be stamped out, which may allow Cuba to return to pre-'syndrome' conditions and get back the tourists that the country lost due to the exacerbated blockade and the pandemic:
Cubans dance to their carnival rhythms in Havana (Daily Motion - 1:06 min.)
Cuba cabaret stars don't fade, even in their 70s (Daily Motion - 1:59 min.)
Cuban Neighbourhood Restaurant (Daily Motion - 1:52 min.)
Cuba before Corona (Daily Motion - 2:08 min.)
Rooftop Salsa, Cuba (Daily Motion - 2:43 min.)
Buena Vista Social Club Documentary movie (Daily Motion - 1:33 min.)
Buena Vista Social Club - Buena Vista Social Club At Carnegie Hall (Full Album) (Daily Motion - 1:28:15 min.)
Afro Cuban All Stars - A Toda Cuba Le Gusta (Full Album (Daily Motion - 55:49 min.)
A Tuba to Cuba (Daily Motion - 1:23:59 min.)
Cubans Dancing Salsa, Rumba & Reggaeton in London (Dancers from "Rakatan" (Daily Motion - 2:25 min.)
Short video presenting most of the theories that have been proposed as explanations for the 'syndrome', ending with mass psychogenic illness:
The lies are being repeated again and again as they have been since the beginning. This is how "one person was influencing the behavior of" everybody working at the U.S. embassy in Havana on New Year's Eve, 2017:
After that, the State Department and the media took over and spread the lie to U.S. government staff all over the world.
As for the "almost universal characteristic:ringing in the ears," it was only almost universal in Havana, Cuba, where it was due to either crickets, in the majority of cases, or ordinary tinnitus in the rest.
It would be nice if the lies could be stamped out, which may allow Cuba to return to pre-'syndrome' conditions and get back the tourists that the country lost due to the exacerbated blockade and the pandemic:
Cubans dance to their carnival rhythms in Havana (Daily Motion - 1:06 min.)
Cuba cabaret stars don't fade, even in their 70s (Daily Motion - 1:59 min.)
Cuban Neighbourhood Restaurant (Daily Motion - 1:52 min.)
Cuba before Corona (Daily Motion - 2:08 min.)
Rooftop Salsa, Cuba (Daily Motion - 2:43 min.)
Buena Vista Social Club Documentary movie (Daily Motion - 1:33 min.)
Buena Vista Social Club - Buena Vista Social Club At Carnegie Hall (Full Album) (Daily Motion - 1:28:15 min.)
Afro Cuban All Stars - A Toda Cuba Le Gusta (Full Album (Daily Motion - 55:49 min.)
A Tuba to Cuba (Daily Motion - 1:23:59 min.)
Cubans Dancing Salsa, Rumba & Reggaeton in London (Dancers from "Rakatan" (Daily Motion - 2:25 min.)
Yes, it is MPI. And no, it's not a mystery.
I mentioned and linked to this article by neurologist Robert Baloh when it first appeared on The Conversation on Sep 30, 2021. It was updated on March 7, 2023, i.e. after the ODNI report, and it is as relevant now as it was then: Havana syndrome fits the pattern of psychosomatic illness – but that doesn’t mean symptoms aren’t real.
Other websites have noticed its relevance after the release of the ODNI report and republished it from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license, sometimes with a new title. The most recent example is: Is the mysterious 'Havana Syndrome' really a psychosomatic illness? (Unexplained Mysteries, Mar 24, 2023).
It you didn't read it then (and even if you did), you should use the opportunity to catch up.
I mentioned and linked to this article by neurologist Robert Baloh when it first appeared on The Conversation on Sep 30, 2021. It was updated on March 7, 2023, i.e. after the ODNI report, and it is as relevant now as it was then: Havana syndrome fits the pattern of psychosomatic illness – but that doesn’t mean symptoms aren’t real.
Other websites have noticed its relevance after the release of the ODNI report and republished it from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license, sometimes with a new title. The most recent example is: Is the mysterious 'Havana Syndrome' really a psychosomatic illness? (Unexplained Mysteries, Mar 24, 2023).
It you didn't read it then (and even if you did), you should use the opportunity to catch up.
Is your loved one a diplomat? Or a CIA agent? (Or just one of those guys who claims to be?)
Forget about all those other boring ideas for Easter gifts. This is the one you've been waiting for!
ANNOYING CICADA MAGNET IS NONETHELESS AUTHENTIC (Hackaday, Mar 18, 2023)
Forget about all those other boring ideas for Easter gifts. This is the one you've been waiting for!
ANNOYING CICADA MAGNET IS NONETHELESS AUTHENTIC (Hackaday, Mar 18, 2023)
Anderson & Entous, revisited: So Why Did the Alleged Attacks Stop?
In post 1,823, I quoted Adam Entous saying:
In the same post, I pointed out that there was a much more likely reason why the reports of new cases of the 'Havana Syndrome' stopped after January 2022: the release of the CIA interim report on Jan 20, 2022:
But Adam Entous, Jon Lee Anderson and the anonymous "senior official" are not alone:
It may comfort Anderson and Entous that there may be a career opportunity for them at the Washington Examiner (Media Bias/Fact Check).
In post 1,823, I quoted Adam Entous saying:
In the same post, I pointed out that there was a much more likely reason why the reports of new cases of the 'Havana Syndrome' stopped after January 2022: the release of the CIA interim report on Jan 20, 2022:
But Adam Entous, Jon Lee Anderson and the anonymous "senior official" are not alone:
It may comfort Anderson and Entous that there may be a career opportunity for them at the Washington Examiner (Media Bias/Fact Check).
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A Danish translation of Robert Bartholomew's recent article in Skeptic: Dødsfald: Havana-syndromet (2016-2023) R.I.P. (Skeptica.dk, Mar 26, 2023)
Random person
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OCD can't be diagnosed only with brain scanning.
More disinformation from new member Random person.
Brain scanning is actually useful when diagnosing OCD: What does an OCD brain look like? (Yale School of Medicine, Oct 10, 2014)
OCD is an interesting phenomenon, but in the context of the 'Havana Syndrome' it seems to be of limited relevance. I have only seen it mentioned here:
In other contexts, for instance in cases of "harassment and/or stalking", the possibility of OCD should be factored in:
Brain scanning is actually useful when diagnosing OCD: What does an OCD brain look like? (Yale School of Medicine, Oct 10, 2014)
OCD is an interesting phenomenon, but in the context of the 'Havana Syndrome' it seems to be of limited relevance. I have only seen it mentioned here:
And I haven't seen anybody suggesting that foreign adversaries were using portable TMS to treat migraine in diplomats and spies in Havana or anywhere else.
In other contexts, for instance in cases of "harassment and/or stalking", the possibility of OCD should be factored in: