Michael Redman said:
It is wrong to pay an individual less for the same work just because they belong to a class that may not work as much over an entire career. We're not talking about lifetime earning of career employees, we're talking about paying hourly wages for hourly work to transient employees. Walmart is taking advantage of the fact that working women often have to work at any price, while men can often afford to be more selective.
It's interesting the way you say this, although I'd change it slightly. WalMart is taking advantage of the fact that women are willing to work at any price, while men can often afford to be selective.
Personally, I don't like the idea that women get paid less, but OTOH, there is a priniciple here that I also am uncomfortable with. If WalMart negotiates its employees salaries independently (the workers aren't unionized), and women are willing to work for lower pay, then it seems to me that it isn't surprising they are paid less on the whole. Moreover, I don't see how that should be WalMart's fault, and, as you said, is more a reflection of the attitudes of society than anything else.
OTOH, given the lower salaries, it also seems to me that WalMart should also have a lot more woman employees than they do men, and I wouldn't be surprised if that were the case. So the bottom line comes down to the following: WalMart can pay women less (because women will accept less) and therefore employs more women, or pay more, and therefore have a lower number of women and more men.
This same sort of thing is going on in the veterinary industry in the US. Competition for jobs is pretty high, so the salaries are pretty chincy for a medical professional. As a result, few men are willing to go through what they need to in order to become a vet, and current vet classes are about 80% women. OTOH, if you increase the salary to a higher level, the net result is that you will make the profession more attractive to men. Since there are only a finite number of positions available, what it means is that the number of women will decrease, as the balance comes to more closely reflect the total working population.
So here's the question: which is better, from a woman's issue standpoint? Having 80% of the positions at a lower salary? Or only 50% of the positions but those that get the jobs have a higher salary?
This same issue shows up in the fast food industry, which is paying minimum wage. One of the consequences of increasing the minimum wage is to take jobs away from teenagers, who are willing to work for less. Sure, it helps the people who are getting jobs, but those people who don't get jobs now because they are fighting against a much bigger applicant pool are not served at all. Thus, if you are an advocate of working teens, it's not at all clear that you should support an increase in the minimum wage, because it will cost your group jobs.
I wouldn't be surprised if this is the argument that WalMart uses. Sure, they pay women at a lower rate, but that allows them to employ more women, so in the end, it is a wash, and the total payroll dedicated to women employees is the same as that for men. I'm not sure it will work, nor am I sure it should work, but it's not a simple issue.