I must have missed the post where someone advocated letting people with Bipolar Disorder smuggle heroin.
"If you're not with us, you're against us!"
Doubt was cast on whether Bipolar Disorder can ever be a severe enough form of mental illness to meet the legal standard of "insanity" in most countries. And it can.
Regardless, Akmal Shaikh's family were not claiming that he was smuggling drugs because he was crazy. They were claiming his illness made him easily manipulated into being an unwitting drugs mule. How much truth there is in this claim I have no idea.
I am seriously saddened by the profound display of ignorance displayed in this thread; especially said ignorance being held as a point of pride by some. Especially those bigots equating it with being "retarded".
Bi-Polar Disorder covers a spectrum of mental dysfunction characterized primarily by alternating periods of profound depression and uncontrolled mania; with periods of relatively normal functionality between the peaks of dysfunction. The duration and severity of these phases varies significanty by type of BD (there are 5 distinct variants), as well as by individual, and episode. Furthermore, the severity of one phase does not necessarily correlate to an equivalent severity of the opposite pole - hypo-mania is often combined with profound depression, and non-severe depression is occasionally combined with acute mania. Duration of the cycle also varies widely, from a several days, to several years; with manic and depressive phases most commonly running from 3 to 6 months.
BD can also be progressive, with manic and depressive episodes increasing in both severity and duration; particularly from the late 30s onward. An individual with BD who has managed to cope reasonably well for many years can find their disorder becoming too severe to manage by their usual methods.
During manic phases, individuals become irrational, and as stated in an earlier post, can be prone to grandiose behaviour and delusions (including those of godhood or being "chosen"), euphoria, anxiety, aggression, and disorganized thought patterns. Judgement is typically seriously impaired, and individuals may engage in abnormal behaviour such as spending sprees or high-risk sexual activity. In very servere cases, they can experience full psychotic episodes, experience hallucinations, and become unable to differentiate between reality and fantasy. In a manic state, many individuals are highly prone to suggestion, and are easy to manipulate.
BP individuals have a very high tendency to self-medicate their condition, and it is often masked by long-term drug abuse. However, the most common drugs for self-medication are stimulants and alcohol. Self-medication can mask and ameliorate the symptoms for a considerable amount of time; but will eventually lose efficacy, and the combination of severe episodes combined with drug withdrawl can have devestating effects.
BD is also notoriously difficult to diagnose and treat, as individuals are highly avoidant, often refusing medical diagnosis or denying its validity, and have a high rate of non-compliance with treatment, particularly during manic or hypo-manic phases. It is also very common for BD individuals to attempt to hide their disorder from observers, preferring to experience the highs of the manic phases.
I've personally witnessed the long-term effects of BD on several friends and aquaintances.
All that aside, I believe that executing individuals for drug smuggling is barbaric; and executing the mentally ill is unconscionable.