As I recall, the root-reason that marijuana is illegal was for political reasons. Pot came up from Mexico. The white boys had just killed off the Indians and taken their land, then suddenly more guys come up from Mexico that they can't completely kill off (long live the Alamo). So now there are all these undesirable Mexicans hanging about, and it seems they like smoking pot while the white cowboys stick to their toxic booze. So the gubmint passes laws against pot smoking as a way to kick those Mexican (pot-smoking) asses outta Texas. And so the law stands. It’s not much of a big deal for the next 50 years because the white guys that passed the law and kicked the Mexicans out were booze hounds and not into the marijuana thing. Dope then laid underground for some Mexicans, outlaws, and free blacks—especially jazz musicians.
Pidge said:The one I'd heard was that cotton wasn't doing so well against hemp, ( which grows with the least provocation, and more of the plant is useful - e.g rope, fabric and paper), so the cotton farmers "arranged" to can cannabis banned, and oh, that hemp stuff, can't the difference between it and "the good stuff", so we'll ban it to, or at least make it so onoerous to get a license and manage the plantations that it was more expensive that cotton.
Also see this link:
http://blogs.salon.com/0002762/stories/2003/12/22/whyIsMarijuanaIllegal.html
Anslinger had political reasons to make marijuana illegal. He was the head of a brand new agency, the Bureau of Narcotics, and he needed an "enemy" to make his agency powerful. Cocaine and opiates were not enough, so he vilified marijuana.
Also Hearst (a contemporary of Anslinger, and a politician and head of a print media empire in the early 20th century) had a lot of timber interests and was interested in knocking out hemp (== marijuana, granted it is considered to have a lower source of THC) as a competitive source of paper.
I consider the illegality of marijuana as proof of the overwhelming political power of special interests groups. When one considers the long history of safe commercial hemp use (paper (including the paper that the USA Constitution was written on), clothing, canvas sails, ropes (esp. used on ships to defeat rot from salt water, etc.) it's amazing that even powerful lobbying groups were able to make it illegal. (If more proof is needed for how ridiculous this is, during WWII, the USA govt. made hemp briefly legal again ("Hemp for Victory")).
Also, Bo's link (http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Health+issues+and+the+effects+of+cannabis )
brings up the theory that mental illness may be a correlation but not a causuality of marijuana use. There is a theory that some people with mental illness may be attempting to self-medicate with marijuana. The web site won't allow me to do a cut and paste, but if interested you can do a search for the section heading "Co-occurrence of mental illness".
(In the interest of full disclosure I neither do pot, alcohol or any other drugs.)
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