U.S. Cluster Bombs Killed Civilians in Afghanistan
New Report Illustrates Dangers for Iraq
(Washington, D.C., December 18, 2002) During its air war in Afghanistan, the United States dropped nearly a quarter-million cluster bomblets that killed or injured scores of civilians, especially children, both during and after strikes, Human Rights Watch said in a new report released today.
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“As war looms in Iraq, the United States should learn from the lessons of its Afghanistan air war....It should not use cluster bombs at all until the dud rate has been brought way down. At the very least, it should never use cluster bombs near inhabited towns and villages.”
Bonnie Docherty
Researcher in the Arms Division of Human Rights Watch
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The 65-page report, Fatally Flawed: Cluster Bombs and Their Use by the United States in Afghanistan, says that although the United States made some efforts to reduce the civilian harm caused by its cluster bombs in Afghanistan, the fundamental problems of the weapon remained.
Human Rights Watch found that the United States did not take all feasible precautions to avoid civilian casualties, as required by international humanitarian law, when it used cluster bombs in or near populated areas. U.S. cluster bombs also left an estimated 12,400 explosive duds—de facto antipersonnel landmines—that continue to take civilian lives to this day.
Human Rights Watch has previously documented the harm to civilians from U.S. cluster bombs in the 1991 Gulf War and 1999 Yugoslav air campaign. The new Human Rights Watch report found that the humanitarian side effects of cluster bombs were less serious in Afghanistan than in these earlier conflicts, in part due to the smaller number of bombs used.
“As war looms in Iraq, the United States should learn from the lessons of its Afghanistan air war,” said Bonnie Docherty, researcher in the Arms Division of Human Rights Watch and the author of the report. “It should not use cluster bombs at all until the dud rate has been brought way down. At the very least, it should never use cluster bombs near inhabited towns and villages.”
The new report presents the findings of a month-long mission to Afghanistan. It also compares recent use of cluster bombs to that in the Gulf War and Kosovo.
In Afghanistan, the United States restricted cluster bomb targets more than in the past and employed new technology, notably the wind corrected munitions dispenser, to improve the accuracy of these weapons. It also used fewer cluster bombs, dropping 1,228 cluster bombs, which contained 248,056 bomblets, in Afghanistan. Allied forces dropped 61,000 bombs with twenty million bomblets in the Gulf War and 1,765 bombs with 295,000 bomblets in Yugoslavia.