Straw man but also a ridiculous false analogy.
If I'm assessing a patient's medical history I take many things into account besides just the words. I have a chance to cross examine for clarity and consistency. I can order objective lab tests to confirm a diagnosis. I can observe the skin and body language which in a heart attack can have specific implications about which direction to take the investigation. I may have the patient's medical history.
But the most important thing, I don't base my conclusion solely on the patient's verbal history. If he/she has chest pain, that is not enough evidence to make a diagnosis of an MI.