BasqueArch
Graduate Poster
- Joined
- Jan 11, 2009
- Messages
- 1,871
Thanks, Major Tom.Thanks, BasqueArch.
This is an excellent summary of not only your beliefs, but of many other regular posters on this forum.
If one could summarize the underlying beliefs expressed in the entire history of this subforum in one sentence, this small statement is as good as it gets.
I am not teasing you by saying this. It is not easy to formulate so many years of posting in one sentence. It takes an acute observer to do this, someone who can feel the pulse underlying so many different threads and different posters.
I do not think anyone is capable of stating it better than this.
Two comments:
1. The importance of defining terms.
Definition of terms is integral to Science’s accruing knowledge success, allowing scientists worldwide to communicate clearly with each other. The confusion created by the lack of precisely defined terms outside the science and arts worlds is evident.
Belief: A statement presented as being true by the speaker.
This is a neutral definition of belief, prior to truth testing, and is often confused with false-belief.
False belief (ignorance): (I believe ) Smoking is not harmful to one’s health; (I believe) The Towers were demolished by a number of evil US government employees and private contractors and concealed by lying worldwide private and public engineers, to start a war to steal the resources of Muslim countries. (It is cheaper today to buy the commodities in the open market).
True belief (knowledge): (I believe) Steel buildings can disproportionately collapse solely due to damage by fire; (I believe) a2 + b2 = c2 (Euclidian)
Untestable belief (metaphysics) : (I believe)There is a God ; (I believe) Agate balances ying-yang energy.
Conclusion: The summing-up of an argument or text.
Correct: Free from error; in accordance with fact or truth.
2. The difference between testing scientific statements and testing historical statements. How do you know you are right? (Epistemology)
Science statements are universal and repeatable; Historical events , like the collapse of The Towers, are singular and not repeatable, so testing for truth differs between the two due to the one way arrow of time.
The Moving Finger writes; and, having writ,
Moves on: nor all thy Piety nor Wit
Shall lure it back to cancel half a Line,
Nor all thy Tears wash out a Word of it.
- Omar Khayyám (translation by Edward Fitzgerald).
How does one truth - test historical events, then?
By proportioning one’s belief to the evidence.
“In our reasonings concerning matter of fact, there are all imaginable degrees of assurance, from the highest certainty to the lowest species of moral evidence. A wise man, therefore, proportions his belief to the evidence.” -David Hume
NIST’s WTC1,2 Conclusions:
From NIST FAQ: “6. What caused the collapses of WTC 1 and WTC 2?
"Based on its comprehensive investigation, NIST concluded that the WTC towers collapsed because:
(1) the impact of the planes severed and damaged support columns, dislodged fireproofing insulation coating the steel floor trusses and steel columns, and widely dispersed jet fuel over multiple floors; and
(2) the subsequent unusually large number of jet-fuel ignited multi-floor fires (which reached temperatures as high as 1,000 degrees Celsius, or 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit) significantly weakened the floors and columns with dislodged fireproofing to the point where floors sagged and pulled inward on the perimeter columns.
This led to the inward bowing of the perimeter columns and failure of the south face of WTC 1 and the east face of WTC 2, initiating the collapse of each of the towers.
Both photographic and video evidence—as well as accounts from the New York City Police Department aviation unit during a half-hour period prior to collapse—support this sequence for each tower.”
http://www.nist.gov/el/disasterstudies/wtc/faqs_wtctowers.cfm
(1) the impact of the planes severed and damaged support columns, dislodged fireproofing insulation coating the steel floor trusses and steel columns, and widely dispersed jet fuel over multiple floors; and
(2) the subsequent unusually large number of jet-fuel ignited multi-floor fires (which reached temperatures as high as 1,000 degrees Celsius, or 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit) significantly weakened the floors and columns with dislodged fireproofing to the point where floors sagged and pulled inward on the perimeter columns.
This led to the inward bowing of the perimeter columns and failure of the south face of WTC 1 and the east face of WTC 2, initiating the collapse of each of the towers.
Both photographic and video evidence—as well as accounts from the New York City Police Department aviation unit during a half-hour period prior to collapse—support this sequence for each tower.”
http://www.nist.gov/el/disasterstudies/wtc/faqs_wtctowers.cfm
NIST’s WTC7 Conclusions:
From NIST FAQ: 5. How did the fires cause WTC 7 to collapse?
"The heat from the uncontrolled fires caused steel floor beams and girders to thermally expand, leading to a chain of events that caused a key structural column to fail. The failure of this structural column then initiated a fire-induced progressive collapse of the entire building.
According to the report's probable collapse sequence, heat from the uncontrolled fires caused thermal expansion of the steel beams on the lower floors of the east side of WTC 7, damaging the floor framing on multiple floors.
Eventually, a girder on Floor 13 lost its connection to a critical column, Column 79, that provided support for the long floor spans on the east side of the building (see Diagram 1). The displaced girder and other local fire-induced damage caused Floor 13 to collapse, beginning a cascade of floor failures down to the 5th floor. Many of these floors had already been at least partially weakened by the fires in the vicinity of Column 79. This collapse of floors left Column 79 insufficiently supported in the east-west direction over nine stories.
Typical WTC 7 floor showing locations of columns (numbered). (Credit: NIST)
Diagram 1—Typical WTC 7 floor showing locations of columns (numbered). The buckling of Column 79 was the initiating event that led to the collapse of WTC 7. The buckling resulted from fire-induced damage to floors around column 79, failure of the girder between Columns 79 and 44, and cascading floor failures. (Credit: NIST)
The unsupported Column 79 then buckled and triggered an upward progression of floor system failures that reached the building's east penthouse. What followed in rapid succession was a series of structural failures. Failure first occurred all the way to the roof line—involving all three interior columns on the easternmost side of the building (79, 80, and 81). Then, progressing from east to west across WTC 7, all of the columns failed in the core of the building (58 through 78). Finally, the entire façade collapsed.
The probable collapse sequence is described in NIST NCSTAR Report 1A, Section 2.4 and NIST NCSTAR Report 1-9, Chapter 13."
http://www.nist.gov/el/disasterstudies/wtc/faqs_wtc7.cfm
According to the report's probable collapse sequence, heat from the uncontrolled fires caused thermal expansion of the steel beams on the lower floors of the east side of WTC 7, damaging the floor framing on multiple floors.
Eventually, a girder on Floor 13 lost its connection to a critical column, Column 79, that provided support for the long floor spans on the east side of the building (see Diagram 1). The displaced girder and other local fire-induced damage caused Floor 13 to collapse, beginning a cascade of floor failures down to the 5th floor. Many of these floors had already been at least partially weakened by the fires in the vicinity of Column 79. This collapse of floors left Column 79 insufficiently supported in the east-west direction over nine stories.
Typical WTC 7 floor showing locations of columns (numbered). (Credit: NIST)
Diagram 1—Typical WTC 7 floor showing locations of columns (numbered). The buckling of Column 79 was the initiating event that led to the collapse of WTC 7. The buckling resulted from fire-induced damage to floors around column 79, failure of the girder between Columns 79 and 44, and cascading floor failures. (Credit: NIST)
The unsupported Column 79 then buckled and triggered an upward progression of floor system failures that reached the building's east penthouse. What followed in rapid succession was a series of structural failures. Failure first occurred all the way to the roof line—involving all three interior columns on the easternmost side of the building (79, 80, and 81). Then, progressing from east to west across WTC 7, all of the columns failed in the core of the building (58 through 78). Finally, the entire façade collapsed.
The probable collapse sequence is described in NIST NCSTAR Report 1A, Section 2.4 and NIST NCSTAR Report 1-9, Chapter 13."
http://www.nist.gov/el/disasterstudies/wtc/faqs_wtc7.cfm
Are NIST's conclusions for the causes (see above) of the collapses of WTC1,2 incorrect because the NorthTower top section rotated 1 degree or 8 degrees before falling vertically? - No.
Are NIST's conclusions for the causes (see above) of the collapse of WTC7 incorrect because one can mine better data points for Stage 1 of the collapse? – No.
From the aforesaid, one can then better understand my statement:
I believe due to the proportion of the evidence that
“NIST's conclusions for the causes of the collapses of WTC1,2,7 remain correct.”
My alliterative statement could end up in your book. If so, don’t forget to also include my conditional comments.
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