Now let’s look at the actual facts:
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1. At no time did Ceasar Augustus declare that the entire Roman empire should be counted. Augustus came into power on January 16, 27 BC and reigned for forty years dying on August 19, AD 14. Three Census' were performed at his command during his reign and counted Roman citizens only.
* In 28 BC the citizen population was 4,063,000 (including both men and women)
* In 8 BC - 4,233,000
* In AD 14 - 4,937,000
The population at around 4,000,000 seems very small but estimates put the world population that time at somewhere over 200,000,000 putting Romans at about 2-3% of the world population.
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2. Publius Sulpicius Quirinius was appointed governer of Syria in 6 AD and performed a census of the new Roman provinces of Syria and Iudaea for the purpose of taxation in 6/7 AD. Iudaea province was formed in 6 AD by combining Judea with Samaria and Idumea. It did not include the surrounding separate provinces of Galilee, Gaulanitis (the Golan), Peraea or the Decapolis. The capital was at Caesarea.
So now we see some more problems. Though the bible is correct in naming Quirinius as governor of Syria. He did perform a census it was not covering the entire Roman Empire as the bible claims. It covered only the provinces of Syria and Iudaea. It did NOT include the province of Galilee where Joseph and Mary came from and so not only were they exempt from taking part in the census they would not have been permitted to take part even if they wanted to (that would be like me as a Canadian trying to take part in a New York city Census).
2a. This claim comes with a bonus debunking as well! We know that Quirinius became governor in 6 AD. Well remember Herod the Great? He is the one who killed all the babies after Jesus was born (which was during the census)
Well… He died in 4 BC. A full 10 years BEFORE the census during which Jesus was supposed to be born. Isn’t history great?
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3. It states that “And everyone went to his own town to register”. And that Joseph had to go to Bethlehem as he was from the House of David (notice it does NOT say it was his home town or his father’s home town). As stated above this indicates the census was conducted based on Jewish tribal affiliation. Roman Census’ were not conducted based on local custom but the entire local taxable population. The census was actually conducted for the purpose of properly levying and enforcing taxes.
Also there are 12 tribes of Israel. That means if everyone had to return to the town his tribe originated from then the ENTIRE population of Israel would abandon most of the towns and return en masse to a total of 12 locations. This would not only be ruinous to the abandoned towns but also to the ones where everyone went. No census could possibly be conducted in such a fashion.
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4. Was Joseph from Galilee? There is no extrabiblical evidence for it but ALL of the gospels agree that is where he was from. As already stated above Galilee was not included in the census. Joseph would not have taken part.
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So not only is no prophecy fulfilled, your book is shown to be very inaccurate historically and impossible from a social/economic stand point. I look forward to your rebuttal and hope that you provide some compelling information rather than made up numbers and a made up book. Everyone please feel free to comment, let me know if I have missed anything or left anything else out.
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Abe,
I'm a little late to the party, hope it's no over.....
Herod the Great died in 1 BC, not 4 BC. Every manuscript of Josephus before 1544 had Herod's death listed as 1 BC, but everything subsequent to 1544 lists his date of death as 4 BC. No issue with the Biblical text here.....
(See Andrew Steinmann, "When Did Herod the Great Reign?" Novum Testamentum Volume 51, Number 1, 2009 , pp. 1-29)
I think the census/registration/taxation was beat to death in later posts but let me know if you're unclear on that. Once again, no issue with the Biblical here.
You asked why Joseph of Galilee would go to Bethlehem for the census. Luke 2:4 says "Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and lineage of David," (New King James). David's father was Jesse of Bethlehem, giving us the precise reason Joseph went to Bethlehem.
In later posts you bring up the so called disparity or contradiction of the two references to the death of Judas:
Matthew 27:5 Judas hung himself
Acts 1:18 His body burst open
There's no contradiction here if you understand the Jewish law at the time. A death during Passover would defile the entire city, preventing the offerings from going on. Since Judas hung himself within the city walls, the city was defiled. The law called for the corpse to be taken and cast into the Valley of Hinnom. Once that was done the city was considered cleansed and the sacrifices could again occur. So they hoisted the dead body of Judas up over the wall where it fell onto some rocks and burst forth. So there is no contradiction in the Biblical text here. After Passover was completed, the body would be buried properly.
When Judas returned the silver to the temple, the priests could not accept it as a normal offering since it was "lood money." They either had to return the money to the previous owner (Judas) or had to use the money for something that would benefit the community. So they ended up buying the potters field, aka, The Field of Blood, where they buried Judas and gave him credit posthumously for the purchase.
(Taken from "Messianic Christology" by Dr. Arnold Fruchtenbaum, pages 153-154)
Let me know if you have questions and God bless.