TimCallahan
Philosopher
- Joined
- Mar 11, 2009
- Messages
- 6,293
The Temptation in the Wilderness, particularly as recorded in the Gospel of Mark, has strong shamanic associations and seems to be based on Hebrew scriptures dealing with Elijah and Moses, thus indicating the episode was fictional.
As to the shamanic associations, among the Tamang people of Nepal the shamanic initiate is supposedly afflicted by spirits who possess him and drive him into solitude. Looking at the key words of Mk. 1:12, 13 in the original Greek we find a strong parallel:
The Spirit (Gr. pneuma) immediately drove (Gr. ekballo, "eject," literally, "throw out") him out into the wilderness (eremos, havng to do with loneliness or solitude). And he was in the wilderness forty days, tempted by Satan; and he was with the wild beasts; and angels ministered to him.
The Old Testament parallel on which the episode was based is found in 1 Kings. 19:8:
And he [Elijah] arose and ate and drank, and went in the strength of that food forty days and forty nights to Horeb, the mount of God.
The episode of Elijah is itself a reference back to Moses (Exodus 24:18):
And Moses entered the cloud, and went up on the mountain forty days and forty nights.
Another indication the episode is fictional is the omniscient presence of the author. Jesus was supposedly alone in the wilderness being tempted. So how did the author of Mark know about it? One way would be through divine inspiration, which means we have to accept the divine inspiration of a narrative, which itself is supposed to prove the divinity of Jesus, meaning we indulge in circular reasoning. The only other way Mark could have known of this episode is that Jesus told him or someone else about it, making the whole thing an unsubstantiated and unprovable claim.
Again, do either of you, Ethnikos or Kathy, have any testable evidence of demonic attack or spiritual warfare?
As to the shamanic associations, among the Tamang people of Nepal the shamanic initiate is supposedly afflicted by spirits who possess him and drive him into solitude. Looking at the key words of Mk. 1:12, 13 in the original Greek we find a strong parallel:
The Spirit (Gr. pneuma) immediately drove (Gr. ekballo, "eject," literally, "throw out") him out into the wilderness (eremos, havng to do with loneliness or solitude). And he was in the wilderness forty days, tempted by Satan; and he was with the wild beasts; and angels ministered to him.
The Old Testament parallel on which the episode was based is found in 1 Kings. 19:8:
And he [Elijah] arose and ate and drank, and went in the strength of that food forty days and forty nights to Horeb, the mount of God.
The episode of Elijah is itself a reference back to Moses (Exodus 24:18):
And Moses entered the cloud, and went up on the mountain forty days and forty nights.
Another indication the episode is fictional is the omniscient presence of the author. Jesus was supposedly alone in the wilderness being tempted. So how did the author of Mark know about it? One way would be through divine inspiration, which means we have to accept the divine inspiration of a narrative, which itself is supposed to prove the divinity of Jesus, meaning we indulge in circular reasoning. The only other way Mark could have known of this episode is that Jesus told him or someone else about it, making the whole thing an unsubstantiated and unprovable claim.
Again, do either of you, Ethnikos or Kathy, have any testable evidence of demonic attack or spiritual warfare?
What about the victims of these acts? Do they somehow deserve to be harmed by someone God could easily stop but choses not to because he is (what?) testing the perpetrator? That's sick.