......which people, IF ANY, dropped the ball in such a way as to make them culpable, at least in part, for the failure to prevent the attacks.
As with all surprise attacks, it was primarily an Intelligence failure. The clues were there, but no one with enough power to do anything acted in an appropriate manner to "start the ball rolling".
I would conclude from this that the FAA, CIA, and FBI were the agencies mostly at fault (Not necessarily in that order). For other than the heads of those agencies, perhaps the National Security Adviser, Rice and perhaps Clark would be those in the Executive Branch most responsible.
However, I don't believe anything at all would be accomplished by firing them or even punishing them. All one would end up with is perhaps someone less capable. I don't believe any of them did or did not do anything intentionally, or were even incompetent. ***** happens. It was a surprise attack and that's the purpose of a surprise attack..... surprise your enemy!!! Duh!
It's classic warfare. Study the vulnerabilities of your enemy and hit them when and where they least expect it. If not a 9/11 style attack it could have been done another way. I won't suggest how, as I don't want to give anyone ideas......
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