As for the O.P. my biggest question is:
How were the hijackers able to breach the cockpit and why didn't the airlines and the FAA do more to prevent it?
If all 50 passengers on a flight wanted to breach the cockpit door, they should not be able to do so.
ULR:
I, of course, have no practical knowledge of rules/regulations/precautions wrt airline cockpit intrusions, however, I would say we need to examine the history of cockpit intrusions in the past.
Is there a history of cockpit intrusion, and if so for what purpose? Was it a common phenomenon, or something that was so rare as to not warrant any practical changes?
A good question...Do you think in a post 9/11 world, that the airlines have sufficiently addressed this issue?
TAM
Yes, there were some attempts of cockpit intrustion before 9/11. One on Southwest when one man attempted to breach the door but was subdued and killed by passengers. I don't know exactly what a 767 cockpit door looked like before 9/11 but I'm sure they weren't too hard to breach. Boeing should've made the cockpit impenetrable.
And I don't think airlines have sufficiently addressed the issue. I think if there's another attempt at a hijacking, they're gonna rely on the passengers rathern than their own brilliant safety measures.
I thought Mary Schiavo had brought this exact issue up during the Regan administration. I'll try and find some past mention of her and this topic, but I could have sworn that she was campaigning for secure cockpit doors during the 80s when all those flights were in the news for being hijacked by Palestinians and sympathizers to their side of the Israeli/Palestinian conflict.
No, there is no significant history of cockpit intrusion. Some aircraft in use at the time could not be easily modified to be secure. More importantly, there was no impetus to do this in the first place.
Airlines traditionally resist FAA mandated modifications for monetary reasons, unless it is something that would also cause problems with their Unions or something that might be considered a "no brainer".
True, it wasn't common, at least here in the US, but do we know what the mindset was for foreign carriers? I admit, that's somewhat drifting from topic, but I vaguely recall much heat verbally about airline safety against hijackings due to all those Middle Easterner-committed hijackings I mentioned above.
Also, again, I thought I recalled Schiavo excoriating the mindset of the industry and government at the time towards securing the cockpit. On the other hand, presuming I recall this correctly, I don't want to push a meme that she was right and everybody else was wrong; it'd be too easy but intellectually lazy for me to say that resistance to safety improvements was due to greed on the industry's part. There might - must, even - have been
some legitimacy to whatever objections they raised.
And also, like you said:
Even with a secure cockpit who is to say the hijackers may have killed or threatened to kill a Flight Attendant who might have denied them entry into the cockpit. All sorts of scenarios are possible where even a secure cockpit might have done no good.
Exactly true. It's possibilities like this that should get everybody thinking about what constitutes good safety measures, and distinguish that from what merely sounds good. From what I understand, the prevailing attitude is less to secure the plane itself, but to make sure hijackers don't get on it in the first place.
Even if there had been a decision to beef up cockpits in the summer of 2001 when the intelligence reports were coming in, it would not have happened in time to prevent 9/11.
Today, not only are cockpits more secure, but there is a WHOLE different mindset regarding someones' entry into the cockpit. Quite frankly, I don't think today's passengers would sit idly while someone tried to hijack an aircraft.
Yes. I very distinctly recall that the prevailing mindset back then was to sit back and let the terrorists take you wherever they were going, because once they were done railing at the cameras and got their butts to their destination, they were finished with you. So true, there were indications of the upcoming attacks, but I
know that if you would've gathered a focus group of 100 people prior to 9/11 and gave them a list of possibilities, a 9/11-style attack would have rated the scariest but among the
least likely possibilties. We are
ALL susceptible to interpreting past performances as indicating future results, whether in investments, gambling, or predicting tragedies, and that's exactly what we did prior to September 11th.
A reminder to everyone. In order to examine these issue that have been brought up you also have to put yourself into the pre-9/11 mindset. There was a prevailing arrogant mindset that the US was invulnerable to attack and this was not just within the Bush Administration, it was a prevailing attitude among most Americans. As has been stated over and over again, the threats received were not ignored, they were misinterpreted. It was the general attitude that the threat would be directed toward International assets, not in the US.
It was a surprise attack and if anyone is to blame we all are.....
I don't even know if I'd call it arrogant. More like overly comfortable. But, that's simply my opinion.