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Bart Ehrman on the Historical Jesus

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As Reuben Thorpe's "Which way is up? Context formation and transformation: The life and deaths of a hot bath in Beirut" (Assemblage 1998) points out there are serious issues with how stratigraphy is used as a dating tool in the Middle East. Thorpe concluded that archaeological methodology as it is practiced in the Middle East "fails to address deposit, site and stratigraphic complexity adequately."

Åsa Berggren's "The relevance of stratigraphy" American Antiquity, Vol. 68, No. 3 (Jul., 2003), pp. 421-434 went further showing a major problem with how field work was being done across the world.

Bruce Trigger's A History of Archaeological Thought Cambridge University Press, (1989 and 2006) shows that Archaeology is ridiculously fragmented and many Middle Eastern countries "there is relatively little public in interest in the archeological remains of pre-Islamic times" (Trigger 2006, pg 271) There is a undercurrent of what in 1986 Trigger called "Imperial Synthesis" a period of racist nationalism that hit its zenith in 1930s Germany...and most archaeologist would like to forgot about going on in that region and that is in itself a problem.

Thanks for the link and also for bringing up some major problems with archeology in the area- the local conditions make it a potentially deadly occupation.




...One riddle that I like to work on is where these texts come from, and who came up with them (culturally speaking).

We really don't have that answer, oddly, and no one really spends time trying to figure it out.
Most just start with some axiom that they were Hebrew works, or they are Greek copies of Hebrew works, or they are a mix of both with Hellenistic add-on's, and call it done.

I don't think that suffices. "Hellenistic" is a very large mass of differing cultures, as well as Hebrew post-diaspora is very different from pre-diaspora.

My current inquiry is working through examining what constructs are similar, and where were those constructs popular (this is following the textual dispersion considerations that I previously posted about, where I look for how would these tales travel if a starting point of Judah is our axiom, based on the known cultures who have sympathy with which texts of the gospel sets).

To that end, I am slowly moving over the Mediterranean and looking for which regions valued Job, Daniel and Zoroastrianism (or put another way; where were Romanized Jews mixed with "gentiles" densely, and do those pockets show favor of the three traditions, and do those pockets favor any of the structures of the gospel texts)?

One area that has the most of my interest in this, so far, is Asia Minor.
They are uniquely positioned for mixing these variables, but some problems do exist with starting there so I am not satisfied quite yet on their culture's placement quite yet (though there is definately something interesting about how close that region is by proxy to a: Judea, b: Tarsus, and considering the regions rich history of religious hysteria and cultural mixing and matching - one of the largest theaters in the Roman empire existed here and was frequently used for ritual showcases). ...

I'm quite certain you'll have material to study in that area for the rest of your life. I'll be especially interested in what you find of post-diaspora Judaism before the third century.

Speaking of ritual showcases, over at the monster thread at RatSkep a poster explored the idea that the early Christian proselytizing and Paul's teaching was via what have come to be known as Passion plays and that the NT narratives were scripts and staging outlines. That speculation opened my eyes to seeing those narratives as an art form.




...As to Hagiography.
I'm not certain if that is the case or not.
It might be possible, but that does lean more toward there being a Jesus physically existent than not (which I don't think can be claimed well enough to use as an axiom), whereas the first order to me is to recognize that a new literary form is being presented as a whole - not in part, or in compilation dispersed in a bunch of other texts, but that as a whole, this was a new form; which is rather clear.

It is definitely mixed and related to other literary forms, as should be expected, but it is distinctly a style and form unto itself.

The thing is, hagiography IS that new literary form; I think it's clear the Jesus narratives are simply the earliest examples we have of it.
We have lots of examples of hagiography from the second century onward. However, just that as forgeries are called pseudoepigraphs in bible studies, hagiographies are called gospels, canonical or otherwise when reffering to Jesus.

Many hagiographies have been written down the ages about completely fictitious people. Here in Spain the number of unofficial saints is most impressive; my personal favourite is San Andrés de Teixido.
It's why I don't agree that hagiographical accounts imply or lean toward the physical reality of the subject.

Relating the NT narratives to the literature in the Roman seems to me a natural and obvious thing to do, especially since those narratives are all we have at the moment concerning the beginnings of the Christian movement.
 
So, finding Jesus' bones would be spun as proof positive that he got a new body, one more step in God's plan for deepening our understanding of the mystery of the resurrection. Hell, those bones mean that Jesus has probably got a forsekin now. Hallelujah!
It would be spun as all manner of things, no doubt. But the "empty tomb" doesn't really mean that Jesus got up, wandered off, and deposited his body somewhere else. I think that would take some explanation in terms of this, for example.
The Westminster Confession of Faith (part of the Reformed tradition in Calvinism and influential in the Presbyterian church), in Article four of Chapter eight, states: "On the third day He arose from the dead, with the same body in which He suffered, with which also he ascended into heaven, and there sits at the right hand of His Father, making intercession, and shall return, to judge men and angels, at the end of the world."
 
CraigB

But the "empty tomb" doesn't really mean that Jesus got up, wandered off, and deposited his body somewhere else.
Really? There's nothing about that in the text until after Paul has died, Mark's tomb has a guy sitting in it, so not my idea of "empty," it is said to be empty in Matthew, but nobody actualluy checks until Luke. As I read John 20, Jesus has ample opportunity to return whatever fleshy bits he no longer needs to the tomb. He has obviously gone off somewhere, later returns to the vicinity of the tomb, and tells Mary that he has yet to visit his Dad, so I'm thinking he went someplace on Earth.

Maybe the transformation is the sort of thing for which you'd like a little privacy. Or at least a change of clothes.

Presbyterians? Surely there were some repairs in this "same body;" Jesus was partially flayed, and has a hole in his chest. So, his Dad recycled some parts, custom machined others, and had some parts left over. So what? It's the same body if God says it's the same body. Just like that ancient car I got rid of a few years ago - lots of replaced parts. Same VIN, though, so same car.

Hell's bells, as I type this, millions of Catholics and Orthodox are serving up a slice of bread and a sip of wine as the "same body." No bones at all. Same body, though. God says.
 
Thanks for the link and also for bringing up some major problems with archeology in the area- the local conditions make it a potentially deadly occupation.

It is not just the archeology in the area that is a problem. As shown in the "Heads in the Sand" episode of the 1992 The Face of Tutankhamun museum conservation in that region (or at least in Egypt) is a disaster. There is one scene where the "conservator" does more damage trying to fix an object in 1 minute then had been done to it by nature in over 3 thousand years. In another thanks to a leaky roof an object cannot ever be removed from its display case because it would literally disintegrate if it was.

Take that situation and throw in pressure (both political and religious) that limits further digging ("What is Beneath the Temple Mount?" Smithsonian 2011) and a thriving antiquities black market ("Buying, selling, owning the past" Stanford University) and you have a TARFU migraine of the highest order.
 
Pakeha and Ian,

I think there's a bit of confusion, probably caused by me not being very clear on something.
The point about the physical finding of a Jesus is that it would be harder to handle than not finding a body, but not impossible.

It would present new issues that would require address (which I'm certain would be done), whereas never finding a body requires zero work as that is already the current condition.

The only way that a physical find would not require more work in justification than not finding any physical body would be if the remains were really out of place in their condition or contained some other really important "unearthly" characteristic that made it quite obvious that this wasn't a normal set of human bones.

It is not that it would plow the religion into non-existence, but that it would be more challenging than the current state as it would require address where non is required today.

Keep in mind that the original reason for this tangent was that I was remarking on the problems and humor of physically finding such a figure for:
a: 'no one' (group) really wants a "real" Jesus; the various groupings just want their 'solution'.
b: anything we find would only cause obstacle to the religion, not pave open some 'easy-button' road.

The first archaeologist who ever thinks they found Jesus somewhere will have all of my pity, for they would soon be socially slaughtered in a number of ways..



Yes, I think a significant amount of our earlier exchanges have been slightly at cross-purposes. In which respect -

- of course if you could ever find mortal remains of someone who was positively identified as Jesus (which seems to me a physical impossibility anyway), it would of course raise all sorts of questions and argument on both sides.

Sceptics would no doubt point out that human remains implied Jesus was not the biblical Son of God and not a miraculous messiah etc. But I think I have just explained at some length (several times) why it should be quite obvious that the church has a very simple and effective rebuttal to any claims like that. And what any such discovery of positively identified remains does more than anything else, at least as far as Christianity is concerned, is to provide them with final “proof positive” (as far they are concerned), that Jesus was as the church has always insisted, a real living figure as described in the bible.

Finding Jesus would be the very best result imaginable for the church. And any objections about mortal bones, disease or injury etc., would be instantly dismissed and easily explained within the bible passages themselves.



Ian,
Regarding David.
We have two pieces of archaeological evidence supporting David's existence. Both refer to the 'house of David', neither elaborates anything more than just that phrase, and we have no archaeological evidence of any kingdom being present during the time in question.

If there was a real David who was a King, then that figure was quite extensively inferior to the Biblical legend by several calibers; they would at most be something around a tribal leader and not a King of some grand nation since no such nation or kingdom has been found to exist anywhere in the Levant area matching the period and Hebraic culture.

However, more to the point, David isn't really a comparison to Jesus.
Job? Somewhat.
The book of Daniel? A bit, in regards to the apocalyptic tangents.

But David or Solomon? No; quite different figures and stories than that being told of the Jesus figure..



The point about figures like David, Abraham, Moses, Solomon etc. who were supposed to be real human leaders, was not to say that we had such extensive accounts as we do for Jesus (where Jesus was said to be walking about with disciples doing all sorts of things). Because, apart from anything else, those figures are all around 1000 years before Jesus and we have almost no records about what they were supposed to have done as far back as that. But afaik, they were written about as if they were real people who typically interacted with other human people around them … not much detail is known from such ancient times (c.1000BC), but afaik what little was later written as claimed to be known, portrayed them interacting with others around them … and yet, many bibles scholars now seem to doubt that such individuals were ever real people.

Afaik, and without checking (because I don’t want to keep checking absolutely everything in this subject), in general terms the same applies to claims about earlier gods such as Osiris, Adonis, Persephone - afaik, part of their legend describes them interacting with supposedly human people on earth, and there are elaborate tales created around their existence and descriptions of what they did, whether in the layers of heaven or on the earthly level.

Of course, the biblical story of Jesus has a huge amount more detail of Jesus walking and talking amongst human disciples. But all that detail comes from the later gospels, which if the usual dates are to be believed, just kept adding more and more detail as time went on. Paul’s letters, however, give almost no such detail of any earthly life of Jesus “walking amongst us” ….

… if Paul’s writing pre-dates the gospels (I know Judge has a different theory of that) then that earliest account of Paul does not describe any “walking amongst us”.

Afaik, the “walks amongst us” stories all come from the gospels. But if g-Mark and g-Mathew are the first of those, then it’s not much use anyone presenting those as evidence of Jesus by saying they contain “walks amongst us” accounts said to be unique at that time and quite unlike anything before them, because (a) those gospel stories of Jesus have been shown, by Randel Helms and others, to be simply using “citation fulfilment formulae” copying from the OT, and (b) those gospel stories almost all end up with impossible miracles or obviously religious prophetic insights etc., none of which is believable as true “walking amongst us” evidence of what Jesus really did.
 
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CraigB


Really? There's nothing about that in the text until after Paul has died, Mark's tomb has a guy sitting in it, so not my idea of "empty," it is said to be empty in Matthew, but nobody actualluy checks until Luke. As I read John 20, Jesus has ample opportunity to return whatever fleshy bits he no longer needs to the tomb. He has obviously gone off somewhere, later returns to the vicinity of the tomb, and tells Mary that he has yet to visit his Dad, so I'm thinking he went someplace on Earth.

You have NO evidence at all that Paul of Tarsus in the NT is a figure of history. None. Paul of Tarsus, the Pharisee of the Tribe of Benjamin is UNKNOWN in ALL contemporary non-Apologetic writings

Plus, the character called Paul in the NT was converted AFTER the Son of God was RAISED from the dead.

In fact, it is stated in Acts that Jesus had ALREADY ascended to heaven, that the Disciples had ALREADY preached Christ Crucified and Resurrected and that Paul PERSECUTED those who BELIEVED the story of the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus.

The Pauline story in the NT is AFTER the Empty Tomb story of Jesus.

It is a total modern baseless invention that the Pauline writings were composed before the Jesus story was known and written.

Based on the abundance of writings of antiquity, the Entire Pauline Corpus was INVENTED no earlier than c 180 CE in an ATTEMPT to corroborate the Empty Tomb story--that Jesus was raised from the dead on the Third day.
 
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But the "empty tomb" doesn't really mean that Jesus got up, wandered off, and deposited his body somewhere else.
Really? There's nothing about that in the text until after Paul has died, Mark's tomb has a guy sitting in it, so not my idea of "empty,"
Well, it is MY idea of "empty" in the sense in which that term is normally understood in this context; i.e. it didn't contain Jesus' body.
Hell's bells, as I type this, millions of Catholics and Orthodox are serving up a slice of bread and a sip of wine as the "same body." No bones at all. Same body, though. God says.
Different bread, though. Catholics, unleavened. Orthodox, leavened. Anyway this transubstantiation doctrine was not current in the early churches.
 
CraigB

Well, it is MY idea of "empty" in the sense in which that term is normally understood in this context; i.e. it didn't contain Jesus' body.
OK, then we have different ideas of emptiness.

In any case, neither Paul nor any of the Gospels depicts the processes of corpse recovery, resurrection and bodily repair - or even whether that's one, two or three things. In (the original) The Day the Earth Stood Still, for example, it was two things.

There is not one word in there that prevents God from junking the bones, which another poster has already pointed out may well contain damage from disease and chronic nutritional issues. Why patch them up, when you can install new ones - with Son o' God exclusive improvements like ThruDaDoors technology?

Different bread, though. Catholics, unleavened. Orthodox, leavened. Anyway this transubstantiation doctrine was not current in the early churches.
Nicely observed about the bread :) Based on Pliny's remark about "innocent food," I'd guess the doctrine was there in some form early in the Second Century, and it's doctrine in the current churches that are in full communion with Rome, Constantiniple or Alexandria. Regardless of exactly how old the idea is, boneless Jesus is nothing new.


dejudge

You have NO evidence at all that Paul of Tarsus in the NT is a figure of history.
So what? There's nothing in Paul about the disposition of the mortal remains of Jesus, the hypothetical redicscovery of which was the subject of Craig's and my conversation.
 
I'm quite certain you'll have material to study in that area for the rest of your life. I'll be especially interested in what you find of post-diaspora Judaism before the third century.
Oh most likely, :D.

I think that is part of the fun!

Speaking of ritual showcases, over at the monster thread at RatSkep a poster explored the idea that the early Christian proselytizing and Paul's teaching was via what have come to be known as Passion plays and that the NT narratives were scripts and staging outlines. That speculation opened my eyes to seeing those narratives as an art form.
Quite a real possibility there, and one of the reasons I am taking the time to learn the culture of Anatolia in regards to religious practices as part of the considerations.

This might also explain the ad-hoc editing of the texts.
Two reasons: 1) the texts being converted to reading format and 2) add-on's over time to the "script".

Before I fix on that idea, however, I need to learn more about Anatolian theatrical literature and see if these indeed compare well in some form to those texts.

The thing is, hagiography IS that new literary form; I think it's clear the Jesus narratives are simply the earliest examples we have of it.
We have lots of examples of hagiography from the second century onward. However, just that as forgeries are called pseudoepigraphs in bible studies, hagiographies are called gospels, canonical or otherwise when reffering to Jesus.

Many hagiographies have been written down the ages about completely fictitious people. Here in Spain the number of unofficial saints is most impressive; my personal favourite is San Andrés de Teixido.
It's why I don't agree that hagiographical accounts imply or lean toward the physical reality of the subject.

Relating the NT narratives to the literature in the Roman seems to me a natural and obvious thing to do, especially since those narratives are all we have at the moment concerning the beginnings of the Christian movement.
OK, if we mean the term in the loose application of the term, then certainly.
 
Finding Jesus would be the very best result imaginable for the church. And any objections about mortal bones, disease or injury etc., would be instantly dismissed and easily explained within the bible passages themselves.
I think we'll probably just have to accept that we differ on this prediction.

As far as I've ever seen, the physical resurrection of Jesus has been a pretty big staple of the religion; it's in short-form Mark even, but more importantly, it's a part of just about every Christian creed since creeds in the religion began; it was a rather hefty part of the original debates back in the 3rd and 4th c CE, and carries its roots back to the Hebrew idea that a spirit is a demon and not to be trusted whereas a physical body is divine.

Either way; my main point in the off-hand comment was that no one really interested in an historical Jesus.
Everyone really just wants their solution to supporting their position.

Finding the bones of Jesus would strip out a ton of those positions; secular and non-secular alike.

The point about figures like David, Abraham, Moses, Solomon etc. who were supposed to be real human leaders, was not to say that we had such extensive accounts as we do for Jesus (where Jesus was said to be walking about with disciples doing all sorts of things). Because, apart from anything else, those figures are all around 1000 years before Jesus and we have almost no records about what they were supposed to have done as far back as that. But afaik, they were written about as if they were real people who typically interacted with other human people around them … not much detail is known from such ancient times (c.1000BC), but afaik what little was later written as claimed to be known, portrayed them interacting with others around them … and yet, many bibles scholars now seem to doubt that such individuals were ever real people.

Afaik, and without checking (because I don’t want to keep checking absolutely everything in this subject), in general terms the same applies to claims about earlier gods such as Osiris, Adonis, Persephone - afaik, part of their legend describes them interacting with supposedly human people on earth, and there are elaborate tales created around their existence and descriptions of what they did, whether in the layers of heaven or on the earthly level.

Of course, the biblical story of Jesus has a huge amount more detail of Jesus walking and talking amongst human disciples. But all that detail comes from the later gospels, which if the usual dates are to be believed, just kept adding more and more detail as time went on. Paul’s letters, however, give almost no such detail of any earthly life of Jesus “walking amongst us” ….

… if Paul’s writing pre-dates the gospels (I know Judge has a different theory of that) then that earliest account of Paul does not describe any “walking amongst us”.

Afaik, the “walks amongst us” stories all come from the gospels. But if g-Mark and g-Mathew are the first of those, then it’s not much use anyone presenting those as evidence of Jesus by saying they contain “walks amongst us” accounts said to be unique at that time and quite unlike anything before them, because (a) those gospel stories of Jesus have been shown, by Randel Helms and others, to be simply using “citation fulfilment formulae” copying from the OT, and (b) those gospel stories almost all end up with impossible miracles or obviously religious prophetic insights etc., none of which is believable as true “walking amongst us” evidence of what Jesus really did.
I'm not really sure how to point out to you how vastly different these texts are as a whole than the material which you are citing.

We can compare components within them to a variety of different forms and stories, absolutely, but these texts did indeed create a distinct style that is rather noticeable.

Specifically; it is closest to Zoroastrian legends, but they craft a new approach to telling those stories in a much more Hellenistic format mixed with Hebraic format of narrative structure.

The result is rather unique.
 
The question of the origins of christianity is important to us is simply because christianity is still a major cultural force.

It is relatively important. I suppose we are speaking about the “historical Jesus” or the quest for some relevant data about a Jew prophet killed -more likely by the Romans-, in the first century in Palestine.

This is a very important issue to popular Christianity. The educated Christians are less involved in the fundamentalist reading of the Gospels and maintain more relaxed claims about the historical Jesus. Relatively more relaxed, of course.

This is a more important issue in the Anglo-Saxon than between European scholars. There is a large tradition in Protestant Christianity in Europe who denies the possibility to reach some certain features of the real Jesus by using historical methods. See Bultmann and Schweitzer, for example. Curiously, radical scepticism and radical fideism go together in these cases.

Therefore, it is possible to gather in a meeting some mythicists, minimalists and historicists together without any commotion. In Europe, at least.
 
dejudge said:
You have NO evidence at all that Paul of Tarsus in the NT is a figure of history.



So what? There's nothing in Paul about the disposition of the mortal remains of Jesus, the hypothetical redicscovery of which was the subject of Craig's and my conversation.

What mortal remains are you talking about? Please get familiar with the Pauline Corpus and the teachings of the Jesus cult.

The NT Canon states that Jesus was RAISED from the dead so there would be no mortal remains of Jesus.

The Pauline writers claimed they were witnesses of the Resurrected Jesus and testified that God raised Jesus from the dead.

1 Corinthians 15:15 KJV
Yea, and we are found false witnesses of God; because we have testified of God that he raised up Christ: whom he raised not up , if so be that the dead rise not.

Romans 10:9 KJV
That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved.

Galatians 1:1 KJV
Paul, an apostle, (not of men, neither by man, but by Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised him from the dead
 
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...
Quite a real possibility there, and one of the reasons I am taking the time to learn the culture of Anatolia in regards to religious practices as part of the considerations.

This might also explain the ad-hoc editing of the texts.
Two reasons: 1) the texts being converted to reading format and 2) add-on's over time to the "script".

Before I fix on that idea, however, I need to learn more about Anatolian theatrical literature and see if these indeed compare well in some form to those texts.

I hadn't considered the point about the editing, silly me! It's something you often in stage directions, too.


...OK, if we mean the term in the loose application of the term, then certainly.
I'm not sure how loose my application is, though.
HagiographyWP

I don't see how the Jesus narratives fit into any genre other than hagiography.
 
What mortal remains are you talking about? Please get familiar with the Pauline Corpus and the teachings of the Jesus cult.

The NT Canon states that Jesus was RAISED from the dead so there would be no mortal remains of Jesus.

The Pauline writers claimed they were witnesses of the Resurrected Jesus and testified that God raised Jesus from the dead.

1 Corinthians 15:15 KJV

Romans 10:9 KJV

Galatians 1:1 KJV

And you believe that therefore Jesus was a god of some kind, not just a mortal man with fanatical followers?

Is that what you are trying to tell us?
 
I think we'll probably just have to accept that we differ on this prediction.

As far as I've ever seen, the physical resurrection of Jesus has been a pretty big staple of the religion; it's in short-form Mark even, but more importantly, it's a part of just about every Christian creed since creeds in the religion began; it was a rather hefty part of the original debates back in the 3rd and 4th c CE, and carries its roots back to the Hebrew idea that a spirit is a demon and not to be trusted whereas a physical body is divine.

Either way; my main point in the off-hand comment was that no one really interested in an historical Jesus.
Everyone really just wants their solution to supporting their position.

Finding the bones of Jesus would strip out a ton of those positions; secular and non-secular alike..


If Christians, whether in the 1st century or in the 21st century, say that Jesus was physically resurrected, then they are being loose with their wording and in danger of contradicting both their own beliefs and what is actually said in their NT. And in particular contradicting what Paul said as the earliest and first known mention of Jesus (the earliest according to their own dating).

In Paul’s’ letters, nobody ever sees Jesus as a bodily entity, either alive or after resurrection. He appears to Paul as a vision, not as a solid bodily entity. And he is described as appearing to the 500 and the rest as if in a vision too. Paul is clearly not describing himself observing a walking or floating corpse of a dead human Jesus.

By the time the gospels were written, those writers had never seen Jesus in any form, dead, alive, or as a spirit-vision, and not one of those authors quoted anyone else who ever claimed to see Jesus in any such form either. Those gospel authors were only reporting the legendary stories which told of individuals who had, in the unknown past, once been Jesus’ disciples. The point of stressing that about the gospels is that their accounts are worth far less than that of Paul. Because the gospel authors never claimed to witness any form of Jesus, and never quoted anyone who had told them that they had witnessed any form of Jesus either.

The only person ever to say he had actually witnessed Jesus, was Paul. But what Paul described seeing and hearing was some sort of spiritual vision, and clearly not a physical dead body appearing to him or speaking to him.




I'm not really sure how to point out to you how vastly different these texts are as a whole than the material which you are citing.

We can compare components within them to a variety of different forms and stories, absolutely, but these texts did indeed create a distinct style that is rather noticeable.

Specifically; it is closest to Zoroastrian legends, but they craft a new approach to telling those stories in a much more Hellenistic format mixed with Hebraic format of narrative structure.

The result is rather unique.



You have indeed pointed it out. And I am not disputing that the Jesus story includes vastly more “walking amongst us” detail than the little we have of ancient OT writing about figures like Moses or David from 1000BC.

But I am pointing out that we did not have any such “walks amongst us” accounts from Paul either!

If the gospels were written after Paul’s letters (and I know dejudge thinks Paul’s letters are later, but see footnote) then it’s obvious that the gospel writers could have been simply building on what Paul had already said. And in particular, it’s certainly true that Paul had made very clear that he was looking in the scriptures for confirmation of what he believed about the messiah. And g-Mark and then g-Mathew were undeniably also taking their Jesus beliefs from those same OT scriptures.

Lets take a step back for a moment and see why what I have just said about the gospels counts against what you have been saying. You were saying that one of the items of evidence which convinces historians that the Jesus stories may be true, is that they contain all this “walks amongst us” detail, which you say is not known in any comparable sense or extent before the gospels. Right? Well the problem with relying on that as evidence that the gospels may be true, because of all the “walks amongst us” detail, is as I just pointed out that (a)those gospels followed Paul’s letters in which there is none of that “walks amongst us” detail, and where the gospel writers were clearly taking their Jesus beliefs from ancient scripture just as Paul’s letters said Paul had also done, and (b)what that “walks amongst us detail” of the gospels actually says is that Jesus walked on water and raised the dead etc.

So whether or not the gospels contain a unique and previously unknown mass of “walks amongst us” detail, that detail is actually not evidence of Jesus, because what the detail claims is mostly impossible miraculous fiction.

It will also be interesting to read what Carrier's forthcoming book is going to say on the issue of Euhemerisation. Because he has already said that Euhemerisation will be central to his explanation of why he thinks Doherty’s book The Jesus Puzzle was essentially correct to say that Paul thought of Jesus only as a divine spiritual figure who was crucified in a heavenly realm rather than on earth. That is - from what Carrier has already said, he may well list many examples of precisely this sort of “walks amongst us” story applied to other figures long before Jesus, and where the story has been created by Euhemerisation … i.e. by taking an earlier story of either imaginary figures or supposedly real figures from a distant past, and writing a later account of those figures saying that they did all sorts of things amongst all sorts of people, but where all of that later realistic sounding story is “euhemerised”, i.e. essentially “invented” in order to bring the figure to life for a later audience.

Anyway, I only mention that speculation about Carriers book, because he has said many times that it will contain a central idea about Euhemerisation as a means of creating such detailed, and yet fictional accounts. So it may be interesting to see if his book does give convincing examples of that.



Footnote - whichever were written first, either Paul's letters or the gospels, the fact is that we only have much later copies for any of those documents. So it's an undeniable fact that we do not actually know what either Paul or any gospel author originally wrote about their Jesus belief. But the earliest copy we have for Paul is P46 from c.200AD, and that is at least 100 to 200 years or more before the earliest relatively complete and readable copies we have for any of the canonical gospels. And it’s the relatively complete and readable late copies that everyone is using to obtain the details that everyone quotes as contained in the gospels … i.e. that all comes from copies dated 4th-6th century and later, and mostly after 6th century.

So in terms of what is actually known as the words in existing copies, our copies of all Paul’s letters far pre-date that of any useable extant copies of any canonical gospels.
 
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Ian,

What would you think if the Gospels came first instead of Paul, and everything in the Gospels on Sunday was believed historical fact which verified your belief in the principle figure of those stories?
 
dejudge

What mortal remains are you talking about?
The hypothetical premise of the conversation ("what if?") was that mortal remains are found and confidently identified as Jesus'. If you need further information about the premise, then that information is found in the posts here on the forum, not in the Bible.

The NT Canon states that Jesus was RAISED from the dead so there would be no mortal remains of Jesus.
Actually, it doesn't. That is one among many possible inefrences about the mechanics of corpse recovery, repair and (re?)animation that could be conjectured based on the few and inconsistent observations of only the prelude and aftermath of the work. The actual mecahnics are not disclosed in the inspired word, and so what words an uninformed English-speaking translator applies to the mechanics are uninformative.

What can be strongly inferred is that the corpse was, for a time, absent from the tomb. The tomb itself is left in operable condition, and unlike the general resurrection, Jesus' resurrection occurs before the climax of the end times. So, in his case, and possibly his mother's, the process could encounter unsalvageable work pieces, "left overs," if you will. If so, then those are human remains, and it might be both decent and expedient to dispose of them properly. Another poster has commented on the care with which some living Jews treat even detached scraps of bodies.

Bear in mind that the Nicene position is that Jesus is fully human, and so subject to the command of God that "You are dust and you will return to dust." (Genesis 3: 19) This is paradoxical even if no remains are discovered. How can Jesus both return to dust and still be embodied? Hosea 6 is at best a partial answer - God of Genesis doesn't seem to be speaking of a weekend visit to Mudville. The hypothetical bones would be proof that Jesus fully fulfilled God's commandment without denying him as the first fruits of the resurrection.

Inevitably, new knowledge creates winners and losers, whether it is about science, engineering or salvation history. Undoubtedly, if Jesus' bones are discovered, then some denominations will turn out to have guessed wrong. Well, duh, the denominations' many positions are incomaptible, so we already know that some denominations have guessed wrong. Other denominations will receive them, as lost sheep returned to the fold, and as lost sheep they (mostly) will return.
 
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Ian,

What would you think if the Gospels came first instead of Paul, and everything in the Gospels on Sunday was believed historical fact which verified your belief in the principle figure of those stories?



If g-Mark or g-Mathew were the earliest writing, and pre-dated Paul, then we still have the three aforementioned problems -

1. Where g-mark and g-Mathew talk about Jesus “walking amongst us”, every single one of those stories is afaik either describing an impossible miracle, or else has Jesus making some prophetic, insightful or otherwise important statement of religious importance or guidance. So none of that “walks amongst” description is really believable as a likely to be a factual account.

2. As Randel Helms and others have shown; g-Mark and g-Mathew were certainly taking their Jesus beliefs from passages in the OT.

3. We have no idea if those gospels originally said anything much in the form a “walks amongst us” description of Jesus. Because the copies from which that detailed story of Jesus come, are dated from the 4th-6th century and later. By which time almost anything may have been added.

But if we are going to chuck out Paul as evidence of Jesus, then I think all credibility has gone from Jesus belief. Including any belief of historians who argue that evidence of Jesus is provided by the “walks amongst us” nature of the stories.
 
I think we'll probably just have to accept that we differ on this prediction.

As far as I've ever seen, the physical resurrection of Jesus has been a pretty big staple of the religion; it's in short-form Mark even, but more importantly, it's a part of just about every Christian creed since creeds in the religion began; it was a rather hefty part of the original debates back in the 3rd and 4th c CE, and carries its roots back to the Hebrew idea that a spirit is a demon and not to be trusted whereas a physical body is divine.

Your statement appears to be erroneous. Jews do NOT worship men as Gods.

Josephus the Jew claimed Jews did believe the physical body would perish but the spirit or soul was immortal.


Antiquities of the Jews 18
3. Now, for the Pharisees........ They also believe that souls have an immortal rigor in them

4. But the doctrine of the Sadducees is this: That souls die with the bodies[

5. The doctrine of the Essens is this: That all things are best ascribed to God. They teach the immortality of souls

In Philo's "On Embassy To Gaius" the Emperor admitted that the Jews were the ONLY people in the Roman Empire who did NOT worship him as a Divine.
 
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