it's likely both. in the industries the us is competitive in, it's because of automation. in china, it's because the labor is cheaper, the regulations are eased, all as they've begun to automate. either way, you'll have to either develop more efficient processes and equipment on products you're unfamiliar with, or cut costs elsewhere (labor), in order to compete. or hope the tariffs are high enough that the consumer will pick up the difference.
i've worked in automated manufacturing for a long time. you don't just buy the equipment, put it down, and make product. it's much more difficult and complex than that, particularly if you're integrating into a line of other equipment which is often the case, and requires a lot of pretty technical ongoing support. we've bought foreign equipment before, the programs aren't in english. the hmi screens aren't in english. the software isn't american, the parts aren't american.
and then if you want to get into raw materials and supply chains.
i just don't know who thinks they want to work in an industry that you're trying to steal from the chinese as a production worker. what kind of margins do you think they have? good production work today, in the upper end industries, is starting at like $22 an hour. that's in a profitable, american company today. it's a little better than retail work, longer hours in worse conditions for slightly better pay.
it just doesn't add up