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What counts as a historical Jesus?

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Yes that's possible, but the evidence is weak.

On that we are in complete agreement. The only thing we know for sure is that by some time in the second century the development of Christianity as we know it was underway.

My point is that these sects adopted a very different view of the Law, from the dismissive one that Paul adopts.

This is, roughly at least, part of the standard secular narrative about the history of Christianity. That is that there was a Jewish, law abiding sect that Jesus was a prominent member that served as the trigger for the creation of Christianity. But the group might have existed and some of its belief structure might have been transferred to the group that created Christianity but maybe Jesus as leader of the group was just a fabrication of the people that created Christianity. The possibility permutations are endless when there aren't hard data points to put a check on the speculation.

Also that even if there were Jeuses and Jameses in such sects - which may well be believed - did Josephus know of a Jesus who was called Christ? We know that the declaration that Jesus was Christ, found in the TF, is an interpolation. So the other reference is in all probability spurious as well.

Maybe, my reservation is that it's been too long since I've gotten a dose of argument from people who believe the opposite and I notice my views on this seem to swing depending on whose arguments I've heard last.

It seems like Josephus might have expanded on the issue of who called Jesus the messiah if he had intended to identify the Jesus he referred to as the HJ. The HJ was not well known in the time of Josephus and there were probably very few people who might have known what group called him the christ (messiah).
 
Most of your post I was either aware of or I think are at least plausible arguments against an HJ.

However, I think, in the above you misrepresented my view a bit. I do think it is significant that the writings of Josephus have come down through Christian copyists and the earliest version we have only dates from about 1000AD (I'm taking what you say here as true). And I think it is at least a legitimate argument against one of the pieces of evidence that supports the existence of an HJ. I just don't seem to think the argument is quite as strong as you do. Your argument seems to be that Christian copyists had a bias to insert at least the "who was called Christ" phrase so they did. I just think they might not have also.

As to the existence of this proto Ebionite (Craig B's term) sect in the Palestinian area that you say is referred to in the DSS:

Doesn't this provide some support for a part of the standard secular narrative for the origin of Christianity in that it provides evidence for a sect similar to the one that Paul claimed to exist and interact with? And if that sect existed, it isn't a big leap to think that such a sect could have included an HJ, James and Peter that Paul mentions.


OK, well I was not trying to misrepresent what you had said. On the contrary I was replying to you (rather than to some others) for the opposite reason of respecting and appreciating the open minded stance that you are taking (and also in the Shroud thread).

But what I am trying to emphasis is that; if all we know of the relevant writing attributed Josephus, actually comes to us from 11th centuries copies, then it's highly dangerous to refer to that as if were actually coming from whatever Josephus may or may not have written in 100AD.

So the reason I'm saying that argument is not merely strong, but actually overwhelming, is that when attributing this to Josephus, what we are really doing is attributing it to 1000 years of repeated copying by Christian religious believers. And remember we talking only about the 4 word half-sentence "James, the Lords brother".

As evidence, coming from religiously interested Christians themselves 1000 years after the event that is objectively worthless.

In any case, Jospehus is highly unlikely to have personally known anything about any so-called “brothers” of Jesus. Really we are talking about the sentence coming, not from Josephus, but from the extant copies of Paul, which afaik are believed to date from around the end of the 2nd cent. – 3dr cent. Ie, about 150 -200 years after Paul was thought to have died. So we don’t actually know who wrote those copies of Paul either.

But what is the likelihood that Paul knew someone to be the flesh & blood brother of Jesus? If you read Ellegard on this, and he goes into considerable detail on it, despite a great biblical confusion of similar names, it is highly unlikely that Paul ever actually met anyone who claimed to be a personal disciple of Jesus, let alone his actual brother.

Paul’s beliefs about Jesus appear to derive from his dreams. He is interpreting his own religious dreams in the same way that the earlier Essene community of that region did ... and like the DSS community, Paul also believes that his dreams of Jesus are true reality … the dreams are god’s revelation of the most heavenly truth.

In particular, although the writing of Paul makes quite frequent reference to “brothers of the Lord”, in each case it appears the writer is only referring to “brothers in belief”.

And finally, as I said above – what is the likelihood that a wandering street preacher like Paul, could have written his own religious memoirs anyway? Seems rather unlikely to me.

Far more likely, it seems to me, is that all this biblical writing, whether it’s the Pauline Letters or the canonical and non-canonical gospels, was the product of more educated Christian scribes writing some one, two, three or more centuries after the believed events surrounding the figure of Yehoshua/”Jesus”.

By the way – all of this (eg Pauls beliefs) is very similar to the coded description of Jewish religious beliefs as set out in the Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS). That’s genuinely dated from about 200 years before the time of Paul and Jesus. And those DSS beliefs in turn are in any case very clearly derived from what the DSS community believed was the religiously correct interpretation of Jewish OT prophecies stretching back to at least 500BC! So, it’s quite clear where the origin of the Jesus stories came from – it was already set out in the ancient Jewish Bible and then more directly in the coded works of the DSS.

Notice however, that I have not ever said that Jesus did not actually exist.

He may have existed. But what is shown in the DSS, and what is shown in Pauls visions of Jesus, is that the story of this apocalyptic messiah goes way back in the OT to at least 500 years and more before the time of Jesus and Paul. And at the time when the DSS were written in that region, ie circa 170BC through to 70AD, which also covers the lifetime of Paul, what that community believed was based largely on their religiously rapturous dreams – they thought that their dreams of Gods and messiahs etc. were God’s way of showing them true reality … the dreams were thought to be even more real than reality itself!

It may seem absurd to you and I now in the 21st century, but to that community of proto-Christians, religious dreams really did represent reality – if they dreamed of a religious situation, then it was interpreted to have really happened. Important dreams were then preached as examples of the reality of events revealed by God.

For more on the DSS, have a look at the book by Hodge, which unusually amongst DSS books, discusses the similarity between the beliefs of the DSS community and the later writing attributed to Paul and the earliest Christians in that same region.
 
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For more on the DSS, have a look at the book by Hodge, which unusually amongst DSS books, discusses the similarity between the beliefs of the DSS community and the later writing attributed to Paul and the earliest Christians in that same region.

Have you heard of Robert Eisenman?

He has done a lot of work linking the DSS Community to the early Christians in Jerusalem. Although it seems that most people around here think he is some kind of kook for doing so. I don't understand why though.
 
Have you heard of Robert Eisenman?

He has done a lot of work linking the DSS Community to the early Christians in Jerusalem. Although it seems that most people around here think he is some kind of kook for doing so. I don't understand why though.
There's a huge abundance of material on the Internet and elsewhere, which, if you care to peruse it, will enable you to understand why most scholars reject Eisenman's theories.
 
There's a huge abundance of material on the Internet and elsewhere, which, if you care to peruse it, will enable you to understand why most scholars reject Eisenman's theories.

Are these the same "most scholars" who accept the Historical Jesus and the (redacted) Testimonium Flavium?

I've read a few personal attacks of him and some nit-picking of some of his wilder speculations, but the central idea of the DSS Community being associated with James The Just, the so-called "Brother of The Lord", still doesn't seem far-fetched to me at all.

If you have a link to one of these scholars rejecting that central idea, I promise to give it my careful attention.
 
Are these the same "most scholars" who accept the Historical Jesus and the (redacted) Testimonium Flavium?
You mean I've to examine the beliefs of all scholars who accept the redacted TF and determine if they also accept Eisenman's stuff? A bizarre request! Anyway whether the "TF lite" is authentic or not has absolutely nothing to do with Eisenmann. The two issues are not interdependent. You're just being flippant. By the way I am open minded about an HJ, and don't regard myself as a mythicist. It's merely that evidence for HJ is wonderfully difficult to find.
If you have a link to one of these scholars rejecting that central idea, I promise to give it my careful attention.
Look at the material in general, and give attention to whatever you find that is of interest to you.
 
Have you heard of Robert Eisenman?

He has done a lot of work linking the DSS Community to the early Christians in Jerusalem. Although it seems that most people around here think he is some kind of kook for doing so. I don't understand why though.


Hi ... no, I have not read anything by Eisenman. I know roughly what his ideas are, and I know that other DSS writers disagree with him. But that's as much as I know of Eisenman's ideas.

We are always faced with the problem that we cannot examine things like the scrolls for ourselves, and so we take on trust what certain authors write about it. That raises the danger of being predisposed to believing those particular authors who seem closest to our own personal preconceived ideas anyway.

The main book that I'm quoting from is a fairly small book by a guy called Stephen Hodge. I have a couple of other books on the scrolls too, but they mainly just describe the history of how the scrolls were found and what each scroll says etc. Whereas Hodge has a final chapter (and comments in earlier chapters) comparing the beliefs of the Essene DSS community to the visionary beliefs of Paul, and just commenting generally on how the DSS community do seem to be the forerunner of what later became the Christian Jesus movement described in the gospels.

But more generally, I think the DSS are highly relevant to questions of the origins of Christianity and the existence of Jesus, simply because unlike the gospels and Paul’s letters, the DSS represent the original writing itself (ie they are not later copies), and they have been relatively accurately dated (unlike the guesswork dating usually applied to the gospels). They are also very extensive in the number of scrolls and the religious material that they describe … it’s a unique and highly detailed insight into Jewish religious beliefs in that region right across the period from about 200BC through to 70AD (which of course covers the lifetime of both Jesus and Paul).
 
Have you heard of Robert Eisenman?

He has done a lot of work linking the DSS Community to the early Christians in Jerusalem. Although it seems that most people around here think he is some kind of kook for doing so. I don't understand why though.

There's a huge abundance of material on the Internet and elsewhere, which, if you care to peruse it, will enable you to understand why most scholars reject Eisenman's theories.
We've discussed Eisenman, his dubious claims and distortion of evidence in the past, several times.
 
... the DSS represent the original writing itself (ie they are not later copies), and they have been relatively accurately dated (unlike the guesswork dating usually applied to the gospels). They are also very extensive in the number of scrolls and the religious material that they describe … it’s a unique and highly detailed insight into Jewish religious beliefs in that region right across the period from about 200BC through to 70AD (which of course covers the lifetime of both Jesus and Paul).
and like all other writings that cover the lifetime of Jesus (eg those of Philo) they have absolutely nothing to say about him.
 
We've discussed Eisenman, his dubious claims and distortion of evidence in the past, several times.
Yes and I won't go over it all again. If someone has anything fresh to say, good and well, but in the meantime the literature is out there for anyone who's particularly interested in it.
 
Yes and I won't go over it all again. If someone has anything fresh to say, good and well, but in the meantime the literature is out there for anyone who's particularly interested in it.

For me, the Eisenman theories seem plausible, but unlikely. I think they are part of a long line of people creating plausible scenarios out of very thin evidence on the nature of an HJ. The existence of all these permutations on HJ theorizing is both the result of the fact that there is a great deal of interest in the nature of an HJ and there are very few hard facts available on first century Christian history to positively rule out the possibility that any particular speculation is wrong.
 
For me, the Eisenman theories seem plausible, but unlikely. I think they are part of a long line of people creating plausible scenarios out of very thin evidence on the nature of an HJ. The existence of all these permutations on HJ theorizing is both the result of the fact that there is a great deal of interest in the nature of an HJ and there are very few hard facts available on first century Christian history to positively rule out the possibility that any particular speculation is wrong.
Very true. But in the absence of data why should we treat seriously "speculation" because it can't be "ruled out"? What we need are hypotheses that can be "ruled in"; that is, sustained as far as possible by the scanty evidence that does exist.
 
You mean I've to examine the beliefs of all scholars who accept the redacted TF and determine if they also accept Eisenman's stuff? A bizarre request! Anyway whether the "TF lite" is authentic or not has absolutely nothing to do with Eisenmann. The two issues are not interdependent. You're just being flippant. By the way I am open minded about an HJ, and don't regard myself as a mythicist. It's merely that evidence for HJ is wonderfully difficult to find.

No, I don't mean you have to examine every scholar. I was being flippant, but also trying to make the point that a Scholarly Consensus argument from Authority doesn't really work in these HJ threads. It certainly didn't stop people from tearing strips off Bart Erhman.

Look at the material in general, and give attention to whatever you find that is of interest to you.

Oh, go on, just a name then.

I don't know where to start...
 
But you're the one who raised the issue of Eisenman. If you have anything fresh to say about his theories, then state it.

I only brought Eisenman up because IanS referred to a different Author (Hodge) who seemed to hold similar views.

I was hoping I might learn something by comparing points of similarity and/or difference between the two Scholars.

Then you tell me that "most Scholars" reject Eisenman. I ask for a link and am told to just: "Look at the material in general, and give attention to whatever you find that is of interest to you." Which isn't very helpful.

I was hoping you might have a link to some Bible Scholar's site with an easy to follow "Top Ten Reasons Eisenman is Wrong..." list or something. My problem is whenever I try to find this stuff myself I get swamped by irrelevancies or find some guy (qualified or not, who knows?) claiming to disagree with Eisenman while arguing ad-homs and strawmen. I had hoped that you as a serious participant in these threads might be able to point me to some actual relevant scholarship.

Oh well. Nevermind.
 
and like all other writings that cover the lifetime of Jesus (eg those of Philo) they have absolutely nothing to say about him.



Indeed. No clear mention of anyone called “Jesus”. Unless perhaps it was their Teacher of Righteousness (ToR).

The ToR is a rather mysterious figure in the scrolls. For the most part he seems to be a real living figure, and perhaps thought to be the promised messiah. Though afaik, that view is not always consistent or clear, and it's possible that the ToR was a historical figure going back all the way to the time of the prophet Habakkuk circa. 600BC!

That is – most of what is said in the DSS about the central importance of the ToR, comes from the so-called Habakkuk Pesher.

The Pesher’s were a particular type of religious commentary produced by the DSS community, which were largely giving the interpretation of religious revelations produced through dreams concerning the ancient prophets and their prophecies in the Jewish OT.

In the case of the Habakkuk Pesher, that goes right back to what the DSS community believed to be important prophecies from 600BC … however, that Habakkuk Pesher also appears to be the original source for the figure called the Teacher of Righteousness.

That is - all of this is bound up in coded references to dreams interpreted as reality, and it’s far from clear whether in fact the ToR was a living priestly figure in the period around 100BC, or whether in fact that idea of a ToR was actually a more generic belief in a messiah related to the prophecies of Habakkuk originating as far back as 600 BC!
 
Very true. But in the absence of data why should we treat seriously "speculation" because it can't be "ruled out"? What we need are hypotheses that can be "ruled in"; that is, sustained as far as possible by the scanty evidence that does exist.



I think that what we can be pretty sure about is that, (1) the various events and sayings attributed to Jesus in the canonical gospels, can all be traced back in some form or other to interpretations of prophecies given many centuries before in the Jewish OT.

And secondly, (2) the reason that the DSS are important here, is that unlike the gospels and Paul’s letters etc. which are known to us only as anonymous Christian copies made many centuries after the supposed events, the DSS represent the original writing of a Jewish religious community living in precisely that same geographical location leading up to and stretching across precisely the same time period as Paul, Jesus and the beginings of what became known as Christianity.

And although the DSS are written in often unintelligible code, and although they do not describe any individual who could be clearly associated with a messianic Jesus/Yehoshua, what they do describe in very extensive detail is a community which shared very similar beliefs to those given in the letters of Paul and which therefore appear to be very similar indeed to what we might reasonably imagine to be a proto-Christian community .... IOW - the DSS community evolved into, or later began to split into, what by around say 50BC to 50AD was becoming the movement associated with St Paul, Christianity, and the belief in a deceased messiah named Yehoshua ("Jesus").
 
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... And although the DSS are written in often unintelligible code, ... what they do describe in very extensive detail is a community which shared very similar beliefs to those given in the letters of Paul and which therefore appear to be very similar indeed to what we might reasonably imagine to be a proto-Christian community .... IOW - the DSS community evolved into, or later began to split into, what by around say 50BC to 50AD was becoming the movement associated with St Paul, Christianity, and the belief in a deceased messiah named Yehoshua ("Jesus").
interesting. But do you mean the movement reported by Paul as containing James and Peter as members, or do you mean the community of Paul's followers, to whom he wrote his letters? For the two don't appear to have been the same, as evidenced by Galatians 2, and other places in Paul's writings. Or if they were at first the same, there was an early split, not merely between the DSS sect and the Jesus people, as you state, but between the James people and Paul, within the Jesus group.
 
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