I've already listed some of the problems the US has, but I will go in-depth with some of them.
- Institutional racism towards minorities since before the US was founded has left a lot of them in inner-urban environments with rampant poverty. This forces them to turn to crime in order to make a living, and the police have severe problems policing these areas because said urban communities strongly distrust the government. You can see that today with the War on Drugs, which has led to minorities being disproportionately imprisoned.
- This leads to the US Criminal justice system. The problem is (and it also applies to other countries as well) is that it is using 1980s methodology in order to resolve issues for the 2010s. This means that former criminals are much more likely to end up back in prison, which creates a vicious cycle. Again, it is disproportionately affecting minorities, largely again due to the War on Drugs.
To explain some of the problems with the US justice system, this website is pretty useful:
http://www.sentencingproject.org/template/page.cfm?id=122
- General distrust towards the government. When the Pentagon papers were published, the public believed that government knew best, even in the hysteria of the Red Scare. This revelation had led to people not trusting the government because it sent their sons to die on a fools errand and lied to them about it. It was coupled with the Watergate scandal, when Americans found out the president whom they had elected with an overwhelming majority had committed numerous crimes. This has led to Americans thinking that their government cannot be trusted, which has been arguably vindicated by the skullduggery committed during the post-9/11 (extraordinary rendition, screwing the pooch with Afghanistan/Iraq)