The Quran mentions atheists many times.
ATHEISTS
69:33 For he did not acknowledge God, the Great.
4:38 Those who spend their money to show-off to the people, and they do not acknowledge God or the Last day. Whoever has the devil as his companion, then what a miserable companion!
52:35 Or were they created from nothing? Or was it they who created?
In Addition, all verses mentioning the design criticized atheism.
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Polytheists
-And verily, if you ask them: "Who created the heavens and the earth?" Surely, they will say: "Allah (has created them)." Say: "Tell me then, the things that you invoke besides Allah, if Allah intended some harm for me, could they remove His harm, or if He (Allah) intended some mercy for me, could they withhold His Mercy?" Say: "Sufficient for me is Allah; in Him those who trust (i.e. believers) must put their trust."
Az-Zumar:38
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Christians
O People of the Scripture, do not commit excess in your religion or say about Allah except the truth. The Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, was but a messenger of Allah and His word which He directed to Mary and a soul [created at a command] from Him. So believe in Allah and His messengers. And do not say, "Three"
An-Nisaa:171
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Jews
Say (O Muhammad ﷺ): "O you Jews! If you pretend that you are friends of Allah, to the exclusion of (all) other mankind, then long for death if you are truthful."
Al-Jumu'ah:6
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Pantheists
43:15 They assigned a share to Him from His own servants! The human being is clearly denying.
112:3 "Never did He beget, nor was He begotten,"