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[Split]Moon hoaxes - split from: Mars Voyage too Soon?

A little Internet research seems to have revealed that calculation of FOV is not necessarily a simple matter, especially when focusing at close distances, in that the distance between the 2nd principal point of the lens to the focal plane and the image magnification for the focus distance (in addition to the dimensions of the focal plane) seem to be factors. The calculation is given by the following equation:

A = 2arctan*d/2(Q-my)

where:

d is the dimension of the focal plane in the distance being measured
Q is the distance from the 2nd principal point of the lens to the focal plane
m is the image magnification for the applicable focus distance (given by Q/P; P being the distance at which the lens is focused)
y is the distance that the entrance pupil lies in front of the first nodal point of the lens

I will not pretend to understand this fully, and certainly couldn't attempt the calculation, not only because I don't have the applicable data for the camera. Suffice to say, I think I can understand why Groves chose to establish the FOV from a practical test, although having said that, it seems that even then the result will vary according to how the variable factors above might vary for each photograph taken!
 
To me, the shadow lengths do not seem at all consistent with a 15-degree Sun angle. The flagpole shadow should be in the order of 8.2m long and the shadows of the astronauts should be typically around 7.2m long. I realize these figures assume flat ground, but that would appear to be the case, given the essentially straight line that the flagpole shadow casts and the movements of the astronauts across the terrain.

The shadows appear to converge.

Southwind, how do you explain these shadows converging ? Certainly not by several light sources, as I'm sure you remember many people telling you that this would create multiple shadows. The only remaining possibilities are perspective and uneven ground, unless you have some other idea.
 
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I'm a little confused. We're talking about an Apollo 11 picture are we not? (I've not seen Groves' analysis.) If so, then aren't the lenses 38mm? Giving a vertical FOV of 71 degrees...?

http://www.msss.com/moon/apollo11/apollo11.html

Camera equipment carried on Apollo 11 consists of one 7Omm Hasselblad electric camera stowed aboard the command module, two Hasselblad 7Omm lunar surface superwide angle cameras stowed aboard the LM and a 35mm stereo close-up camera in the LM MESA.

The 2.3 pound Hasselblad superwide angle camera in the LM is fitted with a 38mm f/4.5 Zeiss Biogon lens with a focusing range from 12 inches to infinity. Shutter speeds range from time exposure and one second to 1/500 second. The angular field of view with the 38mm lens is 71 degrees vertical and horizontal on the square-format film frame.

If we are talking about the famous Aldrin photo, thats a pretty wide lens.
 
Southwind, how do you explain these shadows converging ? Certainly not by several light sources, as I'm sure you remember many people telling you that this would create multiple shadows. The only remaining possibilities are perspective and uneven ground, unless you have some other idea.

This video footage is history; I've accepted it as genuine!
 
I'm not sure whether you've interpreted this aspect of Groves' analysis correctly. To my mind, the angle of view has to be linear, otherwise the image would need to 'compress' increasingly from the centre towards the edges, which I think is what your saying is the case. That would mean, though, that the image, by definition, is distorted, other than right in the centre, and I don't see how that can be the case.

Nevertheless, by simple trigonometry that must be the case. You're effectively mapping a plane (i.e. the plane in which you measure the distance from the centreline of the photograph) on to a sphere (on which the angle of view is linear). The formula posted by Thabiguy is simply a mathematical expression of that mapping. It's a well-known property of the tangent function that for small angles tan(theta)=theta, and therefore you can assume linearity where this is valid. By the time you get out to 37 degrees, though, there's about a 15% error in the position as measured from a photograph.

Any and every photograph is distorted in this way, it's just not noticeable to the eye on photos taken with a small field of view. A fish-eye lens gives a clearer view of the distortion, because the FOV is so large.

Dave
 
Indeed, why is this thread still going? Men walked on the moon, but a photo - one of ten thousand - was faked? Is that were we are now?

We've got UN-funded Nazis in the other thread. Or possibly vice-versa. And popcorn, if anyone wants.
 
I'm not sure whether you've interpreted this aspect of Groves' analysis correctly. To my mind, the angle of view has to be linear, otherwise the image would need to 'compress' increasingly from the centre towards the edges, which I think is what your saying is the case.
The image 'expands' increasingly from the centre towards the edges.
That would mean, though, that the image, by definition, is distorted, other than right in the centre, and I don't see how that can be the case.
Do a web search on rectilinear projection.
When you write:
The significant non-linearity of the distance-angle conversion can be clearly seen.
what part of the photo, excatly, are you referring to?
Clearly seen in the example values, not in the photo.
Just out of interest, how did you undertake this measurement to a 1/100mm accuracy?
I did not undertake this measurement to a 1/100mm accuracy. That's why I said "about". I put two digits after the decimal point, because the high resolution scans available online offer resolution of about 0.022 mm per pixel.
Intuitively, looking at the photo, Aldrin seems to be much farther away than your 2.7m.
2.7 m would be the distance between the edges of Aldrin's visor and the camera; the distance that Groves tried to calculate. "Aldrin" is a large object and different parts of his body will have different distances from the camera; his feet will be considerably farther away, for example. Distances from other points, such as the front of Armstrong's left foot, or back of Armstrong's right foot, will be different still. "Intuitive" distance has little to no meaning.

(Also, it's possible that the width of Aldrin's visor is not 280 mm as Groves claims; I've been unable to verify that.)
It is obvious, therefore, that you have studied this part of the analysis and paraphrased Groves in such a way as to mislead the reader and try to discredit him where it seems to be unwarranted.
I mean exactly what I said, I stand by it and I will repeat it here again, in case you did not understand that clearly before: The values appear out of thin air and no derivation is shown. This is exactly the case, and I encourage the readers to read carefully the section of Groves' analysis that you quoted and confirm that the values suddenly appear in the middle of the text without any derivation - at least not anywhere in the document that you sent to me. Make sure you understand what deriving a value means.
What seems curious to me is how you mistakenly refer to Groves estimating 'the height of Aldrin's eye level' when the dimensions derived purport to determine the height of the centre of the camera imaging plane, as quoted and highlighted above.
I refer to what Groves does, not what he claims to do. Groves claims to determine the height of the camera, but what he does is determine the height of the Aldrin's visor where the horizon intersects it. I believe it's apparent to any intelligent person that what Groves does and claims to do are two generally unrelated things.
In any event, even if Groves had estimated the height of Aldrin's shins above the lunar surface, that would still add credence to his analysis far more than estimating Aldrin's entire height, as the margin for error would be significantly reduced.
Of course it wouldn't, because "Aldrin's shins" is a vague, arbitrary term. You ignore the uncertainty inherent in guessing the actual height at which the optical axis crosses vertically under Aldrin's visor. (Hint: this is not the same height as the height marked on Aldrin's leg by the central crosshair.)
This isn't correct, and you've shown it not be correct above by referring to the calculation! You might disagree with Groves' methodology, assumptions, apparent ignorance and conclusions, but he certainly did a calculation!
Please read what I wrote again, this time paying extra attention to the underlined words:
No calculation whatsoever has been done to determine the height difference, even along the displayed portion of the shadow.
Unfortunatley, I don't agree that it does. It seems potentially to be as flawed, at least in places, as the analysis that it sets out to discredit.
Does anyone else feel this way? If yes, please, speak up.
In any event, I do not consider Groves' claim to be 'baseless and unsupported', and don't really think that you honestly do either. His claim is clearly based on and supported by a thorough and detailed analysis.
Groves' claim (that "the variation in height of the surface between the astronauts is typically a few inches") is baseless and unsupported. This is because there is no basis for that claim (not because it wouldn't be "based on" anything), and nothing in his pseudoscientific analysis supports that claim. I understand that your intention is to fudge these simple truths with semantic obscurity. Good luck with that.
I don't think you can honestly quote any of these as 'fact', remembering that associated with the allegation that the photo could not have been taken with a chest-mounted camera is the allegation that the image appearing in Aldrin's visor is a cut & paste job. All you have as the basis of your 'facts' is that very image. If these were indeed facts I doubt you would have seen the need to critique Groves' analysis, but simply stated the 'facts' instead, which would, by definition, have completely and undisputably countered his analysis.
You obviously have a very distorted perception of what a 'fact' is. The facts, of course, completely and undisputably counter his claim. You, however, have said that:
... an authoritative study and analysis exists that convincingly demonstrates otherwise ...
and you advertised
... the existence of an authoritative scientific, mathematical study and analysis contradicting your opinion ...
Despite these big claims, you have failed to present an analysis that would overturn the established facts. In fact, you have not presented any authoritative or scientific analysis at all. I would therefore respectfully encourage you to consume your words.

That is all from me. Having fulfilled my commitment here, I have no desire to participate in this thread any further.
 
Indeed, why is this thread still going? Men walked on the moon, but a photo - one of ten thousand - was faked? Is that were we are now?

We've got UN-funded Nazis in the other thread. Or possibly vice-versa. And popcorn, if anyone wants.
And bikini girls. Don't forget the bikini girls.
 
O--kay... so why do you still say that they appear to converge ?

Belz..., you might have detected that I placed you on ignore for a while (you might be proud to learn that you are the one and only person to whom I have vested that dubious privilege!). The post above is typical of others by you that prompted such action on my part.

I don't know whether you're lazy, can't read properly, can't comprehend properly, or whether you deliberately or mistakenly misinterpret, like to bicker or a combination of the above.

You might have noticed that I HAVE OPENLY ACCEPTED NOW THAT MAN WALKED ON THE MOON! By definition, therefore, I am no longer questioning the NASA records and information.

I should be grateful if you would acknowledge that you have read and understood this post and all its implications!
 
The image 'expands' increasingly from the centre towards the edges.

Do a web search on rectilinear projection.

Clearly seen in the example values, not in the photo.

I did not undertake this measurement to a 1/100mm accuracy. That's why I said "about". I put two digits after the decimal point, because the high resolution scans available online offer resolution of about 0.022 mm per pixel.

2.7 m would be the distance between the edges of Aldrin's visor and the camera; the distance that Groves tried to calculate. "Aldrin" is a large object and different parts of his body will have different distances from the camera; his feet will be considerably farther away, for example. Distances from other points, such as the front of Armstrong's left foot, or back of Armstrong's right foot, will be different still. "Intuitive" distance has little to no meaning.

(Also, it's possible that the width of Aldrin's visor is not 280 mm as Groves claims; I've been unable to verify that.)

I mean exactly what I said, I stand by it and I will repeat it here again, in case you did not understand that clearly before: The values appear out of thin air and no derivation is shown. This is exactly the case, and I encourage the readers to read carefully the section of Groves' analysis that you quoted and confirm that the values suddenly appear in the middle of the text without any derivation - at least not anywhere in the document that you sent to me. Make sure you understand what deriving a value means.

I refer to what Groves does, not what he claims to do. Groves claims to determine the height of the camera, but what he does is determine the height of the Aldrin's visor where the horizon intersects it. I believe it's apparent to any intelligent person that what Groves does and claims to do are two generally unrelated things.

Of course it wouldn't, because "Aldrin's shins" is a vague, arbitrary term. You ignore the uncertainty inherent in guessing the actual height at which the optical axis crosses vertically under Aldrin's visor. (Hint: this is not the same height as the height marked on Aldrin's leg by the central crosshair.)

Please read what I wrote again, this time paying extra attention to the underlined words:

Does anyone else feel this way? If yes, please, speak up.

Groves' claim (that "the variation in height of the surface between the astronauts is typically a few inches") is baseless and unsupported. This is because there is no basis for that claim (not because it wouldn't be "based on" anything), and nothing in his pseudoscientific analysis supports that claim. I understand that your intention is to fudge these simple truths with semantic obscurity. Good luck with that.

You obviously have a very distorted perception of what a 'fact' is. The facts, of course, completely and undisputably counter his claim. You, however, have said that:

and you advertised

Despite these big claims, you have failed to present an analysis that would overturn the established facts. In fact, you have not presented any authoritative or scientific analysis at all. I would therefore respectfully encourage you to consume your words.

That is all from me. Having fulfilled my commitment here, I have no desire to participate in this thread any further.

I find it disappointing that having carefully and objectively critiqued your critique you cannot stand up to your obvious convictions and seek to justify all those aspects that I have queried or challenged, resorting, instead, to a selective response that purports to enhance your argument, but instead reveals you to be the selectively biased debater that your critique clearly indicated you to be.

I was hoping that my humble acceptance of the genuineness of the Apollo landings would mean that we could continue, for what it's worth, to discuss some of the information that led me and many others to harbour suspicions in the first place.

You appear to have taken exception to my critique, and whilst that in no way affects my new-found position on the matter I can see why such reactions can be seen as highly defensive by many skeptics, and why it really only serves to fuel their continued suspicions.

I had you down as above that kind of spoilt, immature behaviour, which is why I chose to send the Groves analysis to you, but alas, no. I suppose I was naive to think that you could participate in anything like an objective, rational debate unhindered by self-preservation and emotional ties. It's probably as well that you've elected to exit the discussion.
 
Indeed, why is this thread still going? Men walked on the moon, but a photo - one of ten thousand - was faked? Is that were we are now?

We've got UN-funded Nazis in the other thread. Or possibly vice-versa. And popcorn, if anyone wants.

You're free to follow in Thabiguy's footsteps if you wish; nobody's holding you here under duress! ;)
 
I'm a little confused. We're talking about an Apollo 11 picture are we not? (I've not seen Groves' analysis.) If so, then aren't the lenses 38mm? Giving a vertical FOV of 71 degrees...?

http://www.msss.com/moon/apollo11/apollo11.html

If we are talking about the famous Aldrin photo, thats a pretty wide lens.

I'm trusting somebody else here can answer this. I can only offer to run some checks on the internet, but most of my information, as you know, comes from Dark Moon. I think it would be interesting, and educational, to try to clear up the apparent problems with the Groves analysis and put it to bed once and for all.
 
Belz..., you might have detected that I placed you on ignore for a while (you might be proud to learn that you are the one and only person to whom I have vested that dubious privilege!).

The only thing I see is that you silence, in the most childish way, people that don't agree with you.

I don't know whether you're lazy, can't read properly, can't comprehend properly, or whether you deliberately or mistakenly misinterpret, like to bicker or a combination of the above.

What I know is that you seem to think yourself superior to others so much that you actually believe insults to be arguments.

You might have noticed that I HAVE OPENLY ACCEPTED NOW THAT MAN WALKED ON THE MOON! By definition, therefore, I am no longer questioning the NASA records and information.

I should be grateful if you would acknowledge that you have read and understood this post and all its implications!

All I remember you saying is that you accepted some things to be genuine. I don't remember reading that you had abandoned that train of thought altogether.

Now, then. Would you mind telling me why the "converging" shadows are relevant if you accept that we went to the moon ?
 
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I find it disappointing that having carefully and objectively critiqued your critique you cannot stand up to your obvious convictions and seek to justify all those aspects that I have queried or challenged, resorting, instead, to a selective response that purports to enhance your argument, but instead reveals you to be the selectively biased debater that your critique clearly indicated you to be.

...

I had you down as above that kind of spoilt, immature behaviour, which is why I chose to send the Groves analysis to you, but alas, no. I suppose I was naive to think that you could participate in anything like an objective, rational debate unhindered by self-preservation and emotional ties. It's probably as well that you've elected to exit the discussion.
You know what the difference between you and me is, Southwind17?

You need to gather mud and sling it if you wish to denounce me - and you're still not fooling anyone.

I needn't say a single word about your style of argumentation - and everyone understands.
 
We don't know Craig Lamson's source of this data, so it cannot be considered to be reliable, and certainly doesn't serve to validate the NASA Report. It could, indeed, be obtained from the NASA Report, although there is a slight inconsistency in the figures provided by each source.

If you want I can ask him, he posts over at ApolloHoax.org

Jay Windley (JayUtah) has a bit on FOV for the Apollo camerashere and has used a Hasselblad 500 EL/70 so he might know more on the subject as well.
 
I'm not sure whether you've interpreted this aspect of Groves' analysis correctly. To my mind, the angle of view has to be linear, otherwise the image would need to 'compress' increasingly from the centre towards the edges, which I think is what your saying is the case. That would mean, though, that the image, by definition, is distorted, other than right in the centre, and I don't see how that can be the case.


This statement...and others you've made...lead me to believe that you do not have the grasp of photographic principles that you think you do. As a result of this one in particular, I surmise that you haven't looked through too many wide-angle lenses...and/or haven't done so with a critical eye.

Perspective distortion is a well-known phenomenon among photographers, as is the fact that it is non-linear across the field of view. We know that the effect is far more apparent in wide-angle lenses. We know that distances between the subject and lens...and between the subject and other objects in the FOV...are exaggerated at shorter focal lengths. We know that these effects are more pronounced at the edges of the FOV than they are near the optical axis. We choose lenses to exploit and enhance these effects...or to minimize them. In digital post-production, we can (at least in part) correct for these effects. When assembling panoramic montages, dealing with these effects can be a real challenge. There really is no rational basis on which to dispute this reality.

The fact that you think otherwise also calls into question, the value of your intuitive expectations of the photographic record. They clearly have not served us well in this discussion so far. Given that you've demonstrated little practical knowledge of perspective distortion...or perspective in general, WRT converging shadows...how does your intuition qualify as an tool for reasonably estimating distance, length, or angles measured in perspective?
 
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Perspective distortion is also very well known in computer graphics, raytracing et al. I have personally run through the equations for a school project, and they follow quite simply from first principles of geometric optics.
 

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