Who needs immunising against hepatitis A?
Travellers to countries outside Western Europe, North America, and Australasia should consider being immunised. The highest risk areas include the Indian Subcontinent, the Far East, Africa, Africa, Central and South America, and Eastern Europe. Your doctor or practice nurse can advise if you should be protected against hepatitis A for your travel destination.
Contacts. Occasional outbreaks of hepatitis A occur in the UK in institutions or in families. Contacts (for example, family members or other members of the institution) may be offered immunisation. This only happens rarely. The most important measure when dealing with anybody with hepatitis A is good personal hygiene. In particular, washing hands after going to the toilet or before eating. The virus is passed in the faeces (motions).
Note: If you have been infected with hepatitis A in the past, you are likely to be immune and not need further immunisation. A blood test can detect antibodies to check if you are already immune. This may be worthwhile doing if you have had a history of jaundice in the past, or come from an area which has a high incidence of hepatitis A.
Hepatitis A vaccine
A single injection of vaccine protects against hepatitis A for about one year. The vaccine causes your body to make antibodies against the virus. These antibodies protect you from illness should you become infected with this virus. Ideally, you should have an injection at least two weeks before travel to allow immunity to develop. However, the vaccine may still be advised even if there is less than two weeks before you travel.
A booster injection 6-12 months after the first injection gives protection for up to 10 years.
A combined vaccine against hepatitis A and typhoid fever is also available. This may be useful if you require protection against both diseases. The hepatitis A component gives protection for one year and the typhoid component gives protection for three years. (You can have a booster with the hepatitis A vaccine after 6-12 months to give protection against hepatitis A for up to 10 years.)