'Empirical Evidence for a Non-Classical Experimenter Effect: An Experimental, Double-Blind Investigation of Unconventional Information Transfer' - Journal of Scientific Exploration 11.1
Harald Walach and Stefan Schmidt, Department of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Rehabilitation Psychology, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany
We set up a rigidly controlled, double-blind dowsing experiment with three repetitions to test whether dowsers are able to extract information out of a system in an unconventional way. One hundred and four professional and lay dowsers had to distinguish between randomly distributed, sealed and indistinguishable probes of pure mineral water or parathione, using a one-hand dowsing rod. The subjects were unable, on the whole, to distinguish between the probes better than chance. Performance was significantly negatively correlated with paranormal beliefs. Subjects instructed by one among three blinded experimenters were able to distinguish between the probes significantly better than chance. As we have excluded any conceivable way of leakage of relevant information, we conclude that we found a non-classical experimenter effect.