Hans,
- I have numerous haystacks in which to find my needles,
so this will take even longer than usual -- but the following might be a good place to start.
- From http://www.internationalskeptics.com/forums/showthread.php?p=10512125&highlight=carbon+dating+doubts#post10512125
- From http://www.shroud.com/pdfs/stlschneiderpaper.pdf, a 2013 article by
Raymond J. Schneider: The Flawed Carbon Dating Process
The problem with the samples did not originate with the carbon labs however. William Meachum had warned in a submission to Archbishop
Ballestrero: "It is a very serious error indeed to proceed with C14 dating
on the assumption that it is an infallible method." [2] A protocol had been
recommended by the Turin conference held in September 1986. It was advanced
as a recommendation and not a binding agreement. None the less the
recommendations involved more than three labs, a mix of both counter labs
and AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry) labs, and most importantly samples
from multiple sites. The decision to limit the dating to three labs, using
only the AMS method and restricting the sampling to a single highly
contaminated site were all outcomes determined by a politicized and highly
bureaucratic process of Byzantine proportions. Mix in a lot of backbiting
and intrigue as thoroughly documented by Harry Gove [3] and William Meacham
[4] and you have a recipe for disaster.
Mmm, Jabba: You are supposed to present the needle, not the haystack.
Anyway...
There are two relevant interest groups in this:
1) The C14 labs. Those may be more or less motivated to participate. The trial is a high-profile case, which may be good, but whatever result comes out is bound to be shrouded in controversy (
couldn't resist that one), which may be bad. In any case they will be interested in producing a reliable result, and are unlikely to jeopardize their reputation by adding their name to a doubtful procedure.
Thus, we can assume that whatever the problems, they would not have participated unless they found the conditions acceptable. For this to be the case, they must have concluded that the sample was valid and representative.
2) The church. The church must obviously have been split between a wish to discover the truth, and a fear that the truth might be uncomfortable. - And, surely, some simply did not want to have their faith challenged (we know such people, don't we?).
Obviously, the church would not want to point out a non-representative sample, since that could
only reuslt in a less than favorable result.
So we can safely assume that the samples submitted were, to the best ability of everyone involved, representative of the shroud as a whole. Those samples yielded consistent results from no less than three independent labs (an unusually thorough procedure), so there is simply no basis for doubting it: The fabric samples submitted to C14 originated from the 14th century.
The obviuos conclusion, pending new and important evidence, is that the shroud of Turin was fabricated in the 14th century.
Hans