Nicely put, dave. I'll add a few points from my experience as a truss designer...
trusses are engineered structures. In other words, you could acheive the same loading capacity with a truss that you can with a solid beam, only the truss will be designed with thin members which are in tension and compression and as a whole behave very much like a solid beam
The main advantage of trusses is that they are pre-manufactured which makes the erection process a breeze, even for layman; an entire standard gable roof can be erected in a day with just two laborers. Plus they are built to carry larger loads with smaller members (typical wood trusses are 2x4, and are 24" o.c. as opposed to 2x10/2x12 @ 12 or 16 o.c.)
And like any other structural component, trusses are over-designed. The design factors include wind loads, snow loads, and drift loads (i.e. when a flat roof on a first floor abuts a second floor wall, the snow will collect there creating a much larger load then a standard snow load).
And there are other build factors. Other components used with trusses, such as hurricane clips, are rated at 1/3 of their average failure rate (if a hurricane clip fails at 1000 lbs, it will be rated to hold 333 lbs safely). But even knowing this, designers will never go above the manufacturer rating; if my truss has an uplift of 340 lbs, there is no way I would use the forementioned clip.
But what folks like WR don't understand is that it doesn't mean that I can saw a member in half and expect it to stay standing. As a matter of fact, if any damage what-so-ever occurs to a truss, the entire truss has to be re-engineered. There are plenty of times that a trusses is damagaed in transit, or cut in the field, or even simply notched for HVAC or plumbing work; in all of these cases, the entire truss is reengineered, and almost always a field 'fix' (usually involving plywood gussets) is required.
Is this shoddy engineering? Is this sloppy construction? NO! It's a matter of a truss that is no longer designed to do what it was supposed to.
Now, let's say something weird and wonderful happens and a meteor crashes down through the roof of this house.
As it passes into the roof space it breaks many of those members which are in tension and compression and form part of the roof trusses.
This damage means that some of the truses are no longer able to support the weight of the roof tiles.
Eventually the thin structural members which are undamaged are no longer able to maintain their integrity against the loads applied to them and they in turn fail.
Now the roof is collapsing.
And that's just the tip of the iceberg. There is also lateral bracing required to stop the longer members from buckling along their axis. THis is solved by bracing the members from one truss to the next. (The truss engineering designates this bracing to the framers). There is also diagonal bracing, which transfers lateral loads to the end walls (or shearwalls) of the building.
Damaging any of the bracing can lead to a complete failure of the roof system, not because it is poorly designed, but because it is a 'system'.
Now the second storey floor of this building was designed to support what would be termed a 'domestic load', i.e people and furniture.
That's called the live load. And the dead load is the weight of the materials themselves. (If I remember correctly, a standard residential floor live load is around 40 psf. Roof live loads vary region to region depending on annual snowfall, and hurricane conditions.)
And that is an analogy for how easily a structure can totally fail due to damage caused to one element of the structure.
Exactly.
I've mentioned this before, but I don't mind repeating it, in hopes that new lurkers and folks like WR may actually learn something... Firefighters hate trusses. They hate them. Hate, hate, hate them.
Why? Because they fail quickly and without warning. They are an economical, quick and strong building component, but because of their design they simply do not fail like a normal conventional buidling does. Because of this, many firefighters have been injured or killed fighting fires in trussed buildings.