Sunspots and photospheric physics III
http://www.solarphysics.kva.se/firstlight37AO/
http://www.solarphysics.kva.se/firstlight37AO/cah_25Apr2003_n.jpg
I really like this page because it demonstrates in black and white exactly what's wrong with mainstream theory. The images to the left are what we actually observe in solar images. The images to the right are "reversed" (negatives) and demonstrate what we "should see" if mainstream theory were actually correct.
Pathetic. This is "science" the way a child would do it, but certainly not a methodology worthy of an adult. It is also factually false; the negative images
are not what we should see if mainstream theory were actually correct. Mainstream theory is completely consistent with the actual observed images. Only a monumental ignorance of all things solar can excuse such a claim as made here, that the negative images represent what we "should see".
If the atmosphere under the photosphere were really "hotter than" the surface of the photosphere as the mainstream claims, and such a material was "opaque" except for the part that's "cooler", then we should see the brighter areas from below the sunspot where the heat is being "trapped" and the sides of the sunspot should protrude to that location.
Entirely wrong. Given the mainstream model of a sunspot, we should expect to see no such thing as you describe. What we
should see is what we
do see. The umbra of the sunspot is relatively cool because of its surrounding magnetic field, as I have already explained elsewhere (
Sunspots and Photospheric Physics II). So it should look relatively dark, because it is relatively cool.
Consistent with mainstream theory.
Warmer material from below should convect around the magnetically protected area, and that is exactly what we see. Once again, I point out the paper
The velocity field of sunspot penumbrae. I. A global view, and figure 5 of that paper. The penumbra immediately outside the umbra is dominated by blueshifted, upwelling material; it rises to the surface, cools, and then sinks back down again, where the outside of the penumbra is dominated by redshifted, downwelling material.
Consistent with mainstream theory.
Furthermore, we can reconstruct the 3D structure of sunspots from optical data (e.g.,
Westendorp, et al., 1997;
Westendorp, et al., 1998;
Westendorp, et al., 2001a;
Westendorp, et al., 2001b;
Mathew, et al., 2003;
Beck, 2008) and from helioseismology (
Zhao, et al., 2001;
Kosovichev, Duvall & Zhao, 2002;
Zhao, 2006;
Cameron, Gizon & Duvall, 2008;
Gizon, et al., 2009). In all cases, the 3D structure is
consistent with mainstream theory.
My primary point is that Mozina is dead wrong when he claims that there is any inconsistency between observation and mainstream theory, such that mainstream theory is called fundamentally into question. We all know that no theory can explain everything, and one of the major motivations for making observations in the first place is to either verify some important aspect of a given theory, or to uncover weaknesses and inconsistencies that lead to improvements in the theory. In every case I have given above, mainstream theory and observations are mutually consistent, to the extent that mainstream theory is not fundamentally questioned. Indeed, at no time and under no circumstances has Mozina ever exhibited any image that reveals any major inconsistency with mainstream theory. His claims to have done so are all based on arbitrary misinterpretations of mainstream theory and equally arbitrary misinterpretations of the images he presents.
Instead we observe a LAYER of plasma that is obviously composed of a different type of plasma than the photosphere based on what we observe in high resolution Hinode images.
Factually false statement. No, we do not see a "layer" of anything in any image. No, the plasma is not obviously, or otherwise, remarkably different inside the sunspot than it is outside the sunspot, save for the systematically lower temperature. As a result of the low temperature of a sunspot umbra, numerous molecules are observable (including water) which could not survive the higher temperature photosphere that surrounds the sunspot (e.g.,
Nicholson, 1938 (which shows we have known this for a long time);
Penn, et al., 2003;
Arnaud, et al., 2006a;
Arnaud, et al., 2006b).
The bases of the filaments "light up" from the loops passing through them, but the material under the filaments does not light up at the same rate, nor does the light get "dimmer" as we proceed into the filament as the mainstream requires in the claims about "opacity".
Another factually false statement. No, the mainstream theory
does not require or even suggest that the filament should get "dimmer", that's an invention of your own that you assign to the mainstream without justification.
Not one part of their model holds up to even high resolution G-band scrutiny, let alone hold up to the Hinode data. In no way does the mainstream model work correctly or work as "predicted" as it relates to sunspots and the energy flow around sunspots.
On the contrary. The entire mainstream model stands up nicely in front of
any genuine image you can show us, including all G-band imagery, all HINODE imagery & data, and all data and imagery from any and all other spacecraft or ground based data. You have not, and indeed cannot present any image not readily consistent with mainstream theory.