Health and safety issues
OK, now we've scared most of the anti-vegetarian-evangelists away, we can proceed with our sinister agenda.
Here's more information to salvage this thread. (Well, at least that's our dishonest excuse for putting it here - the cover for the real horrifying agenda of the promotion of vegetarian world domination.)
Actually, this stuff's quite unpleasant. Truly disgusting in fact. It's all about the health and safety risks of producing and eating meat. Perhaps everyone will still want to after being given this information, but who knows. *Speaks through megaphone:*
The public must be informed that this post might not tell the whole story, and so if they have a valid counter-argument, they should make it, rather than just fuming in frustration that vegetarians are taking over the world.
Sorry to ruin your day everyone, but I'm about to quote some things about one reason meat can sometimes cause food poisoning.
This stuff's quite lurid, so don't try to eat while reading it - especially if you're eating meat.
I don't pretend to understand much of this first article. If anyone can explain the more arcane-seeming bits in simpler terms, it would be appreciated.
From an article from the UK Food Standards Agency called
Farm management practices to improve the visible and microbiological cleanliness of cattle hides at slaughter
Contamination of meat by faecal material or intestinal contents coming into contact with carcasses at the abattoir is an important risk factor contributing to the outbreak of foodborne illness. The management of cattle from farm to lairage may provide a means for ensuring that cleaner animals are presented for slaughter. The overall objective of this project was to investigate the interacting effects of dietary and transport factors, and of straw bedding, clipping and time in lairage on the visible and microbiological cleanliness of cattle found at the abattoir.
• Finishing ration was found to be the most significant factor affecting faecal shedding of potentially zoonotic bacteria. Feeding cattle on cereal-based rations for a two-month finishing period was associated with significantly higher levels of bacteria compared with cattle finished on a silage-based ration.
Increased levels of bacterial contamination were also found on the hides of animals fed cereal-based diets, particularly at the brisket site.
• The effect of restricted feed intake before slaughter was investigated, by switching cattle to straw-only diets for zero, one, two or three days. Significant reductions in Total Viable Counts (TVC), E. coli and total enterobacteria were found on the hides of animals with increasing time on straw-only feeding.
• The effect of journey time to the abattoir was also investigated in cattle used in the feeding experiments. Unexpectedly, no major differences in visible or microbiological hide cleanliness were found between journey times of two and a half and six hours. A well-designed and maintained lorry along with an
approved and experienced haulier may have masked some of the problems that could arise during cattle transportation.
• In another experiment, clipping and the provision of additional straw bedding was found to improve the visible cleanliness of cattle hides, although the effects on the microbiological cleanliness were again more variable and dependant upon the class of bacteria studied. Clipping was associated with a reduction in the TVC at the flank and shoulder sites, but not at the brisket site. This is thought to reflect the difficulty in clipping the brisket of live cattle.
Improvements in microbiological cleanliness at flank and shoulder sites were relatively short-lived, indicating that clipping would need to be carried out almost immediately before slaughter to have any significant beneficial effects on meat hygiene. Providing additional straw represents a much safer but costly approach to cleaning dirty cattle.
• Providing additional straw bedding in the abattoir during overnight lairage reduced TVCs at the brisket site, compared with counts from animals receiving normal bedding levels. However, effects at other sites and with other classes of bacteria were less perceptible.
I'm not sure of the reasons for all the findings, especially the first one about why cattle fed on grain would be infested with more bacteria than those fed on partly-fermented plants.
From an article called
THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE GAMBLE: The Risk of Self-Policing; New Safety Rules Fail to Stop Tainted Meat:
... This year brought little improvement. Government inspectors found feces on 12 days in the first six months of 2003. But the documents show that the company's own employees discovered far more. In January and May, Shapiro employees found feces on meat about every other day.
Under federal regulations, the government has what it calls ''zero tolerance'' for feces and ingesta. Carcasses must be entirely free of these contaminants after the animal has been skinned and eviscerated.
Executives at meat companies say that it is not possible to keep every bit of manure off the meat and that not all manure harbors deadly bacteria. ''I don't know that we will get to the point where we don't have a spot of fecal material,'' said Mr. Bernard, the Keystone executive, adding that the company cuts off any contaminated parts. As for any feces remaining on the carcasses at the end of the process, he said, ''The material would have been pasteurized.''
Well, it seems things are still going wrong somewhere along the way.
From the PBS Frontline series:
Inside the Slaughterhouse
... And from there he goes through a series of stations to clean him and to remove his hide. One of the real problems is that the animals have spent their [lives] lying in their manure, are smeared and caked with the stuff, and they're entering the food plant. And so many steps are taken to make sure that the manure
doesn't infect the meat, which can happen very easily.
And this is really just the source of food-safety problems in the industry, in the beef industry, is microbes in the manure getting into the meat. So how do you stop that? ...
... At a slaughterhouse, you have big animals entering at one end, and small cuts of meat leaving at the other end. In between are hundreds of workers, mainly using handheld knives, processing the meat. So during that whole production system, there are many opportunities for the meat to be contaminated. What we're really talking about is fecal contamination of the meat from the stomach contents or the hide of the animal. ...
... The slaughterhouses that the United States have are pretty unique in terms of the speed of production. We have slaughterhouses that will process 300, 400 cattle an hour, which is as much as twice as many as anywhere else in the world. And it's that speed of production that can lead to food-safety problems.
When workers are working very quickly, they may make mistakes. It's during the evisceration of the animal, or the removal of the hide, that manure can get on the meat. And when manure gets on some meat, and then that meat is ground up with lots of other meat, the whole lot of it can be contaminated. ...
According to an article called
Worker health in intensive farms and slaughterhouses, they're very far from a safe environment for those who work there:
Research has shown that workers in industrial animal farms such as chicken and pig units are at risk of respiratory diseases, including bronchitis, coughs, asthma, and mucous membrane irritation. The poor air quality in animal sheds can cause allergic reactions and respiratory problems, as well as exposing workers to antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Workers are exposed to high levels of ammonia, bacteria, viruses, moulds and dust. The dust contains particles of skin, feathers, litter, feed, faeces and feed additives as well as various antibiotics. It can also contain gases such as hydrogen sulphide from animal slurry stores. ...
Workers in a modern slaughterhouse in the US have an injury rate that is reportedly three times higher than in other US factories. Every year one in three meatpacking workers suffers a work-related injury that requires medical attention. In killing, disembowelling and cutting up the animals, large sharp knives are used, and it is not uncommon for workers to wound either themselves or their workmates accidentally. ...
According to the PBS thing, conditions are improving.
And here's something disgusting and horrible about the way animals can be injured before they're killed!
And then that meat goes on to potentially harm the people who eat it.
From an article called
Colon Cancer Rise Linked to Beef, Pork (WebMD Health News)
... Singapore is one of Asia's most rapidly developing nations. And for many of the ethnic Chinese who make up 77% of the population, industrialization has brought both changes in diet and a more sedentary lifestyle. Colorectal cancer rates now approach those in developed countries and are among the highest in Asia. ...
Researchers concluded that diet and a family history of colorectal cancer were the primary risk factors for the disease in the Chinese population. After accounting for all other risk factors, a high intake of red meat -- including beef and pork -- doubled the risk of colorectal cancer. ...
The National Cancer Institute's Arthur Schatzkin, PhD, who is an expert on the role of foods in cancer, tells WebMD that the evidence linking red meat consumption to colorectal cancer is strong but not conclusive. The consumption of processed meats has also been linked to colorectal cancer. Schatzkin is chief of the Nutritional Epidemiology Branch of the NCI's Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics. ...