I have been reading apathoid’s article regarding remote control and the planes of 9/11. In principle are the questions directed at him. The summary if for my own reference.
Apathoid introduces himself, rightfully identifies ‘remote control’ of the 9/11 aircraft as a central premise for truthers (remote controlled Arabs have yet to be invented), rejects the drone theory as difficult to implement (where do you leave the passengers; I agree), rejects no planes scenario (I agree again) and finally lands with scenario 3: remote guiding of the planes into the targets.
Is this easy? No says Apathoid and directly lays his cards on the table:
1. Crew is always able to intervene
2. Difficult to intervene from the outside in a highly interconnect system
Then there is a long list of abbreviations:
ACARS - Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System
AFCS - Automatic Flight Control System
EICAS - Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System
FCC - Flight Control Computer
FMC - Flight Management Computer
FMS - Flight Management System
LNAV - Lateral Navigation
MU - Management Unit (ACARS)
… to list the most important ones.
After discussing the electrical system a discussion of the autopilot follows and in particular the modes it can be in.
Next discussion of the FMS, which supports the AFCS.
And then there is EICAS, a sort of nerve system which is capable of registering more than 400 input signals simultaniously. EICAS is important as a warning system to the pilots (and maintenance crew).
Then we arrive at ACARS, the VHF 2-way radio link with the outside world. ACARS is also connected to the FMS. Then we are introduced to a ‘language’ called ARINC 429 with the interesting attribute that it is spoken by FMS, ACARS and AFCS. The this statement is made: “
With a wiring, and possibly hardware modification, ACARS could conceivably take inputs from the ground to steer the aircraft using the FCCs.”.
Then there is the IRS, a sort of a navigation system (like GPS) but far less acurate (error of 100 or more). “
To hit a target such as the WTC or the Pentagon, you would need to find an alternate position determining system if you were going to use LNAV for the attack. More on this later.”
Follows a description of the flight controls.
Finally we arrive at discussion of remote takeover scenario’s. “
But, as we'll see, a bigger problem for our saboteurs becomes the ease at which these simple mods can be defeated by the pilots.”
On page 15 the route is described: Ground->ACARS->FMC->FCCs->Autopilot Servos.
Scenario 1: Autopilot - Used In Conjunction With ACARS And Other Systems Already In Place.
This scenario involves modification of the ACARS system to be able to input to the autopilot FCC's as well as the FMS computers, which will give ground controllers the ability to fly the airplane by properly formatting ARINC 429 data words and uplinking them. The ground setup would be elaborate, possibly involving a full motion simulator to generate the ARINC data. The ground controllers could then uplink FMS waypoints and have the airplane fly an LNAV/VNAV flight plan all the way to their respective targets.
(1)
…
Even uplinking precise lat/long/speed/alt waypoints to the FMC would be a problem because of the inaccuracy of the IRS system, which could in error by hundreds of meters as I mentioned above. The WTC Towers were 208' wide, a 767 has a wingspan of 156'. That’s not a lot of wiggle room, the lateral error can be only 10 meters maximum for this to work. The error in the IRS system would make the autopilot takeover scenario a terrible idea.
Question: but it would be possible to send the planes to New York to start with. Once they are there a ‘mystery plane’ is waiting for the two planes and does some final fine tuning. This could explain the strange flightpath flight175 took with this last (almost desperate) bend to the left, in order not to miss the tower. A candidate ‘mystery plane’ was indeed present over Manhattan.
As an alternative apathoid discusses the possibility of a stealth implementation of a far more accurate GPS navigational device. Conclusion: not impossible, but difficult to do.
Data link: Ground->ACARS->FMC->FCCs->Autopilot Servos
Scenario 3: Scenario 1 With Sabotage Designed To Disable Crew
The nerve gas option.
”
Nerve Gas Released - This may be a more attractive idea”… “The only way it would be effective, was if it was released in the Air Conditioning System ducting.”
“
Again, as with the above scenario, the pilots have a defense - their oxygen masks as well as smoke goggles. These oxygen tanks would have to be removed and replaced with tanks containing an agent that will incapacitate a pilot.”
(2)
“
So where exactly should these gas canisters be installed? My best bet is in the flight deck ducting. Since there are many ducts leading to different zones on the airplane, the air tends to be very local so gas released in the mid cabin would not likely find its way to the flight deck. To able to do this, the ducts would have to be opened up and the canister placed in such a way that it doesn’t move around, perhaps fastened with velcro. Why cant you just place the canister randomly in the cockpit? Easy, the pilots would see it.”
“
Does the airplane have defenses against this? Of course it does! Smoke in the cockpit is a major concern in aviation, so there are systems in place to deal with it. The Equipment Cooling Override/Smoke Clearance Valve can suck the smoke out of the Flight Compartment, as well as the MEC, and vent it overboard. This would also have to be disabled: good luck in not having the Equipment Cooling BITE and EICAS detect the sabotage.”
(3)
Questons:
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(1) ‘
modification of the ACARS system’… software modification I presume? You said that ACARS, FMS and AFCS already speak the same language. This cannot be a coincidence. Why then is there no standard connection? On page 14 a ‘ARINC databus’ is mentioned. This sounds as if interconnectivity is almost a given.
- I read somewhere about changing software every month with a floppy.
- Does it have to be the control tower from which orders are taken? Or can it be everybody? Is there a authentication procedure followed?
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(2) Why does the oxygen gas tank needs to be replaced by one filled with incapacitating agent? Why not a separate time-released valve with a separate tank, placed in the ducting system.
Here is a reference to an agent (used by the Russian during 2002 Moscow theather hostage crisis) that works within seconds, much too quick to grab for the gas/oxygen mask.
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(3) What would trigger the activation of the ‘Equipment Cooling Override/Smoke Clearance Valve’? Would it be effective in a time frame of seconds?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolokol-1
Kolokol-1 (Russian: Колокол, eng. bell) is an opiate-derived, incapacitating agent. Although the exact nature of the active chemical has not been revealed, it is a derivative of the drug fentanyl, possibly the extraordinarily potent carfentanil or 3-Methylfentanyl. It takes effect very quickly, within one to three seconds, reportedly rendering its victims unconscious for two to six hours. Little else is known about this agent.