I found this interesting definition of science at the Samueli Institute Website so I thought I might as well toss it into the ring:
"Science is structured curiosity and investigation. It involves a set of methodological rules for inquiry with their honest and rigorous application in the search for truth. The results of this inquiry are then subjected to peer review, publication and public discussion."
Samueli is sponsoring current research in homeopathy and the water information/memory business. . They take it very seriously. Here a report of their first symposium in this area from Jan 2002:
1st European Samueli Symposium
Scientific Basis of Homeopathy
January 17-19 2002
The Samueli Institute, under the leadership of Harald Walach, director of the European Samueli Institute Office, sponsored a meeting of homeopathic researchers from Great Britain, Europe, Scandinavia and Israel January 17-19, 2002. Twenty-six published, scientific investigators from nine countries attended. Participants reviewed the current state of homeopathy research related to physical measures, laboratory research, clinical studies, outcomes and practice-based studies and current theories and models to explain homeopathic effects. The group had frank and extensive discussions about the quality of the current data, the implications of recent studies (which have been both positive and negative) and strategies for the advancement of science in homeopathy.
Physical measures.
Current studies on the measurement of water memory and structure have not provided leads. It was strongly recommended that further research on water structure should follow specific testable theories of how water may carry information rather than simply look for an effect. This will require experts in water structure being involved in developing these theories and studies. The current Samueli Institute sponsored project being conducted by David Anick at Harvard meets these criteria.
More sensitive and dynamic measures are needed for capturing subtle energy and perhaps oscillating effects from homeopathic remedies. A method developed in The Netherlands and Germany called “biophotons” may meet these criteria. The method appears to be able to measure energy exchange between single cells and as such has shown promise in preliminary studies with homeopathic remedies and intention. It also offers promise of providing a method for objectively measuring the relationship between cell and organism coherence and healing processes.
Cellular and laboratory studies.
Madeline Ennis, immunologist from the Queen’s University of Belfast, Ireland, presented a promising model for the study of ultra-high homeopathic dilutions. The method was originally developed in France in the mid 1980’s, and
the French participants explained how her recent work appears to have corrected for difficulties in previous studies. This model may be useful to examine mechanisms of how homeopathic remedies carry information, and also for its usefulness in the treatment of allergies, autoimmune disease and the treatment of drug reactions. We will be looking for opportunities to support research based on this model in the future.
Clinical research.
Current clinical research in homeopathy is less promising. Several recent placebo-controlled studies, including one presented at the conference, have been negative. These results do not align with observations in actual practice and there were extensive discussions as to why not and what to do about it? A well thought out explanation for this problem was presented by Michael Hyland, a psychologist from the University of Plymouth, England. The solution will probably require creation of a small working group to develop a more pragmatic study design than is normally used. Otitis media (ear infection) was suggested as the condition to study because of its public health importance and published evidence about its responsiveness to homeopathy. A large study requiring extensive partnering would be needed to definitively examine this condition; Samueli Institute could pilot such a study at relatively low cost while identifying partner co-funders and sites to support a larger study in the future.
It was suggested by several investigators that clinical research focusing on documenting remedy uses, practice outcomes and patient preferences be done. It addition, that clinical studies based on the homeopathic model of illness and recovery (rather than the conventional model) be conducted. Some examples of such research from Europe were discussed.
Other items.
The French investigators described how excessive claims by a French researcher in the late 1980’s had a markedly negative effect on conventional scientific opinion concerning homeopathic research in France – an effect that persists to this day. The lesson is to conduct research with reputable investigators who only will make conclusions consistent with their data, repeated and verified by other laboratories and investigators and with a willingness to progress incrementally.
Attempts to do the definitive “home run” study are fundamentally anti-thetical to scientific inquiry and have a large potential to backfire on the investigator and the field. That is, less proof of principle and more mechanism or meaningful research is needed.