William Lee Adams, replicated earlier work by his advisor, Nalini Ambady (now at Tufts University). Ambady's original study, published in 1999, showed that homosexual people were better at correctly identifying sexual orientation from silent videos and photographs than heterosexual people were. Adams' research, started in 2004, focused exclusively on the face; the focal point of most social interaction.[5][6][7] This finding was elaborated by Ron Smyth and colleagues in 2003.[8] A 2007 study under Ambady found that people could identify gay men better than random chance when shown only a photo of only the eye. Accuracy was closer to what participants thought their accuracy would be when hairstyle was included.[9] A 2009 study found that determination of female sexual orientation by similar means was more accurate when a "snap" judgment was made, rather than conscious deliberation.