Clue: think of the empty set in P(S).
All we need is to use <0,1> as the common form of any non-empty set, whether it is finite or not, for example:
We start from the empty set {}.
The power set of {} is {0}.
The diagonal number that is not in the range of nothing, is 0.
The power set of set {0} is {0,1}.
The diagonal number (which has a single symbol, at this stage) that is not in the range of 0, is 1 (or 0, if 1 is considered as the single symbol).
The power set of set {0,1} is
{
00,
01,
10,
11
}
and the members of S are partial collections of any possible 2 distinct members that have a common <0,1> form with P(S) distinct members, for example:
S =
{
10,
1
1
}
or
{
00,
1
0
}
etc ... , where given any S version of 2 members , there is a diagonal object that is based on <0,1> form ( which is common for both S and P(S) ) that is not in the range of S, but it is in the range of P(S).
But also P(S) is a set that has a common <0,1> form with P(P(S)), for example:
0 1 0 1
0 0 1 1
-------
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
1 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0
1 1 1 0
0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1
1 1 0 1
0 0 1 1
1 0 1 1
0 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
and in this case some 4 P(S) objects ( which are partial case of P(P(S)) ) are:
P(S)=
{
0 1 1 0,
1
1 1 0,
0 0
0 1,
1 0 0
1
}
or
{
0 1 0 0,
0
0 1 1,
1 1
1 1,
0 0 1
0
}
etc ... , where given any P(S) version of 4 members , there is a diagonal object that is based on <0,1> form ( which is common for both P(S) and P(P(S)) ) that is not in the range of P(S), but it is in the range of P(P(S)).
The same reasoning works also if S has an infinite size, as follows:
S=
{
.
0 1 1 0 ...,
.1
1 1 0 ...,
.0 0
0 1 ...,
.1 0 0
1 ...,
...
}
or
{
.
0 1 0 0 ...,
.0
0 1 1 ...,
.1 1
1 1 ...,
.0 0 1
0 ...,
...
}
etc ... are partial cases of P(S) where the diagonal member is not in the range of any S version ( although both S and P(S) have a common <0,1> form ).
By using <0,1> as a common form for both sets and powersets (finite or not), we discover that the ZFC axiom of powerset is actually a "Trojan horse" , which defines some object of ZFC that have the properties of a given set (it obeys the construction rules of the given framework) but it is not in the range of the given set (but can't be proved within this framework), exactly as Godel's first incompleteness theorem demonstrates.
epix said:
Isn't it so that power set P(S) is made of subsets of S?
It is not a requirement epix, for example: No subsets of S are used as the members of P(S), because both of them have members of the same form.
Only the size of S and P(S) is different.
Here is again the example of this notion:
The power set of set {0,1} is
{
00,
01,
10,
11
}
and the members of S are partial collections of any possible 2 distinct members that have a common <0,1> form with P(S) distinct members, for example:
S =
{
10,
1
1
}
or
{
00,
1
0
}
etc ... , where given any S version of 2 members , there is a diagonal object that is based on <0,1> form ( which is common for both S and P(S) ) that is not in the range of S, but it is in the range of P(S).