dejudge
No NT writer claimed Jesus was gibbeted
Quite so, both
to gibbet and
to crucify are English words, a language which did not exist when the canonical works were written. As to nailing, my request was for a canonical work that portrays Jesus as having been nailed to his gibbet, earlier in composition than
John 20. Josephus is not canonical.
It is uncontroversial that Romans used nails on Jews (the one bit of physical evidence we have for crucifixion is a Roman nail embedded in a human heel bone recovered from a Jewish burial site - BTW so much for the bull-pie that Jewish victims' corpses were never properly disposed of). However, it seems that Romans might sometimes use ropes, for example. (Please see below, another poster's source discussing rope use).
David
Sorry, it is no "my" translation. It is the translation of all versions I consulted, including of some miticists as Richard Carrier or Neil Godfrey
You are entitled to your own opinion, but not to your own English language. (Thank you, Daniel Patrick Moynihan) What you post under your username is fairly described in English as
yours. Get over it.
There are no nails in the sources you provided. How Richard Carrier or Neil Godfrey likes to translate things into English is uninformative about whether Paul referred to nails. He didn't, at least not in what you provided.
I would like to know why you insist on translating "gibbeted". All other translations without exception write "crucified" or "nailed". You will need to give me some very powerful reason, because as far as I know you are not a qualified translator.
First, I don't "need" to give you anything. I have consistently cited my sources for both the Greek and the translations I present here. I have not discussed my qualifications as a translator.
On the substance, crucifixion is a kind of gibbeting. That is a fact about the world, not a translation issue. Crucifixion with nails is a specific form of crucifxion (there are other ways to crucify), and so, too, is crucifixion a specific form of gibbeting (there are other ways to gibbet).
Paul is not specific as to the kind of gibbeting.
Mark is more specific than Paul, but not so specific as to describe the use of nails.
John, assuming that Thomas refers to wounds inflicted near the time of death, is more specific than
Mark. This is one of many ways in which the story acquires additional detail as time goes on and the story is told and retold.
I owe you no explanation whatsoever of why I choose to keep straight which author is our first source for which detail of an ever-improving tale.
On another point arisng, in English, the proper noun
The Crucifxion refers to Jesus' death, and to no other. In the popular English-speaking imagination, Jesus died by being nailed to a Roman cross, relying on the very late
John. An English-language translator will tend to use words consistent with the ideas prevalent among educated native speakers of English, even when the source material was composed earlier than
John.
Compare how the occupational word
tekton is so often translated into English, for both Jesus and his father.
Stauros is no more definitiely a cross than
tekton is definitely a carpenter, and neither one would necessarily be involved with nails on any given day.
Perhaps this text will illustrate the relationship between crucifixion and nails.
I missed the reference to the specific execution of Jesus in what you posted. Nobody here has argued that Romans never used nails (and please see my remarks above, to another poster, about physical evidence), and your source says that ropes were sometimes used. What was used on Jesus, according to whom?
As interesting as it is to read current opinions concerning Roman crucifixion (about which very little is
known, BTW), Paul is still not our source that Jesus suffered a Roman crucifxion, no more than Paul is a source for crucifxion methods used during the siege of Jerusalem.
We must add that he journalist wrote in other chronicles that Snowden died in the electric chair.
Not in my example. The hypothetical-Snowden dies in American custody by drowning, a foreseeable hazard of a well-known method to encourage talkativeness. Without doubt, electricity can be employed to the same effect, with its own hazards, but Americans pride themselves on their energy efficiency. I did not discuss electrocution, and wonder why you do.
In any case, the chief point of my hypothetical was to illustrate how agency attribution may depend on an author's purpose in writing, personal experience and background. Whom to blame for what can be a matter of choice when many agents are involved in a complex cooperative venture.