Re: The atomic bombs.
1. Yes, as others have stated, Japan had just refused an ultimatum to unconditionally surrender. No matter how some people want to split hairs over the proper translation of "mokusatsu" in context, ignoring -- or any other reasonable translation -- an ultimatum is the same as rejecting it. That's what an ultimatum MEANS. So, fair is fair.
2. As I've mentioned before, the final defense of Japan was a literal Zapp Brannigan plan. ("You see, killbots have a preset kill limit. Knowing their weakness, I sent wave after wave of my own men at them until they reached their limit and shut down.") They planned to send the whole of 100 million Japanese, elderly, women and children alike, against the Americans. The vast majority armed with no more than sharpened bamboo poles. Until the Americans get sick of slaughtering millions of innocent civilians and give up. I'm not making it up. Look it up.
So yeah, fair is fair, forcing them to surrender before going all Zapp Brannigan did save lives.
3. THAT said, the Japanese conditions for surrender had shrunk over time to not as unreasonable as you'd think, and not much different from the final outcome anyway.
E.g., from the same "mokusatsu" answer some of the most "controversial" Japanese conditions were stuff like:
Article 9: Japanese soldiers will be allowed to return home and lead peaceful lives again.
Article 10: Japan as a nation will not be enslaved or destroyed.
Seriously, that's the stuff that was so outrageous, that even their own press censored it.
And, then the most controversial condition of them all, that the Emperor will remain Emperor and will not be tried.
Well, what did happen after the war? Ah right, those exact things anyway
What I'm saying is that while there is a valid point to be made about accepting an ultimatum or not, there's also something to be said about not escalating it over conditions that you're not going to break anyway. Just saying
