From the Massei report:
“The fact [that the] duodenum [is] empty is not [necessarily] fully reliable.” (pg 179)
Until I can read Dr. Lalli's and Giancarlo Umani Ronchi's testimonies in English, I'll accept what I read in the Massei report on pages 177 – 179.
I am no expert... everything I've read on stuff not associated with this case, uses an approximate demarcation time of 2 hours... if the contents of the meal are still in the stomach, then they died within 2 hours of their last meal. Then again I am sure I'll be corrected if wrong about this. The stuff I've read about the horrible Kercher murder is that based on this science, she had to have been gone by 9:30, which also just happens to fit a comprehensive timeline of Rudy-the-sole-killer.
What is telling is not even so much what is in the Massei report. What is telling for me is that when guilters/haters begin to try a comprehensive timeline, esp. one which tries to establish a late TOD, they have to invent scenarios about the meal...
- one guilter tried to claim that someone who was being tormented for 3 of the last five hours of her life, would not digest past the stomach because of stress.
- another speculated that Meredith had had a second, identical meal at about 9 pm, and that this, in essence, restarted the digestive clock.
So for me it is not so much being able to understand the digestive process, as it watching guilters trying to reinvent the crime, so as to make it - and I mean MAKE it - fit. Like Massei had to do, to manufacture a finding of guilt, the guilters have to continually reinvent things, mainly through the heavy use of "probablies", or "it is compatible withs".
Anything but proof, even on the balance of probabilities. We're not talking about each individual item of evidence being "proven beyond a reasonable doubt," what guilters seem to do is simply invent scenarios "on the fly", because not to do so ruins the confirmation bias.
What guilters who do this miss is that the "probablies", and "it is compatible withs", themselves MUST have happened or their theory does not work.
In my reading of digestion issues and an admitted poor understanding of the science - Massei's comments on p. 177-179 fit that bill, not because of stomach-content-analysis per se, but as you point out above....
“The fact [that the] duodenum [is] empty is not [necessarily] fully reliable,” is obviously true, in the sense that fingerprinting theoretically is also not necessarily reliable.
What Massei fails to do is demonstrate why an otherwise fairly reliable science, which puts 1000s of real perps in jail each year, is in this case suddenly not reliable. He seems to disbelieve the straightforward stomach analysis stuff, while accepting the "low copy number", specious results Stefanoni got for her DNA analysis. He's skeptical on one, then liberal on the other - the reason is that he cherry picks whether or not to be liberal or conservative in his analysis based on a prior assumption of guilt!
One does not have to understand stomach content analysis to understand that Massei is cribbing a bit, to make evidence fit his conclusion, rather than the other way around.