A minor correction regarding Zimmerman's medical records. which is neccessarily long and likely of very little interest to meme peddlers:
Those records themselves
wouldn't be admissible as hearsay under §90.803(4), which states:
STATEMENTS FOR PURPOSES OF MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS OR TREATMENT.—Statements made for purposes of medical diagnosis or treatment by a person seeking the diagnosis or treatment, or made by an individual who has knowledge of the facts and is legally responsible for the person who is unable to communicate the facts, which statements describe medical history, past or present symptoms, pain, or sensations, or the inceptions or general character of the cause or external source thereof, insofar as reasonably pertinent to diagnosis or treatment.
Emphasis added. To simplfy, these are "statements made...by a person seeking the diagnosis or treatment...which...describe medical history, past or present symptoms, pain, or sensations, ...or general character of the cause or external source thereof...
Since the diagnosis isn't a statement made by "a person seeking diagnosis", §90.803(4) wouldn't apply.
However, §90.803(6)(a) states:
A memorandum, report, record, or data compilation, in any form, of acts, events, conditions, opinion, or diagnosis, made at or near the time by, or from information transmitted by, a person with knowledge, if kept in the course of a regularly conducted business activity and if it was the regular practice of that business activity to make such memorandum, report, record, or data compilation, all as shown by the testimony of the custodian or other qualified witness, or as shown by a certification or declaration that complies with paragraph (c) and s. 90.902(11), unless the sources of information or other circumstances show lack of trustworthiness. The term “business” as used in this paragraph includes a business, institution, association, profession, occupation, and calling of every kind, whether or not conducted for profit.
That's a bit of information, so we can examine its components...
A memorandum, report, record, or data compilation, in any form,...
The diagnosis is contained in a medical report.
...of acts, events, conditions, opinion, or diagnosis,...
The medical report contains a diagnosis and medical opinions.
...made at or near the time by, or from information transmitted by, a person with knowledge,...
The report was compiled the day after the injury by the professional who examined Zimmerman.
...if kept in the course of a regularly conducted business activity...
The report was made in response to a normal medical evaluation.
...and if it was the regular practice of that business activity to make such memorandum, report, record, or data compilation...
Issuing a medical report in response to an assessment is regular practice.
...all as shown by the testimony of the custodian or other qualified witness, or as shown by a certification or declaration that complies with paragraph (c) and s. 90.902(11), unless the sources of information or other circumstances show lack of trustworthiness.
The custodial affidavit was tendered both during Zimmerman's bond hearing and in response to the state's motion of production for Zimmerman's medical records.
So we seem to start out with those records qualified as a hearsay exception. Some other qualifiers under this chapter:
§90.803(6)(b) states:
Evidence in the form of an opinion or diagnosis is inadmissible under paragraph (a) unless such opinion or diagnosis would be admissible under ss. 90.701-90.705 if the person whose opinion is recorded were to testify to the opinion directly.
So we have to find an applicable catagory of testimony from one of the prescribed statutes.
90.702 Testimony by experts.—If scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge will assist the trier of fact in understanding the evidence or in determining a fact in issue, a witness qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education may testify about it in the form of an opinion; however, the opinion is admissible only if it can be applied to evidence at trial.
One of the key facts at issue is the nature of Zimmerman's injury, how they would have been perceived and how they could have occurred.
The last qualifier, found in §90.803(6)(c) requires serving notice:
A party intending to offer evidence under paragraph (a) by means of a certification or declaration shall serve reasonable written notice of that intention upon every other party and shall make the evidence available for inspection sufficiently in advance of its offer in evidence to provide to any other party a fair opportunity to challenge the admissibility of the evidence. If the evidence is maintained in a foreign country, the party intending to offer the evidence must provide written notice of that intention at the arraignment or as soon after the arraignment as is practicable or, in a civil case, 60 days before the trial. A motion opposing the admissibility of such evidence must be made by the opposing party and determined by the court before trial. A party’s failure to file such a motion before trial constitutes a waiver of objection to the evidence, but the court for good cause shown may grant relief from the waiver.
Since the medical records aren't held in a foriegn country (no Florida jokes here, please) then this requirement has yet to arrive.
Once the diagnosis is in evidence, it's not really Zimmerman's job to rebut or impeach it.
That's a bit of information, so if anyone has a discussion point, try to cut out that section of the quote. Hitting
quote and adding your zinger doesn;t really rate.
As I'll show, this is actually just an academic exersize - Zimmerman's PA and her findings are already on the witness list and have been for some time.