Clapsaddle et al 2004
https://e-reports-ext.llnl.gov/pdf/307362.pdf
Pg 4
In addition, due to the large availability of organically functionalized silanes, the silicon oxide phase can be used as a unique way of introducing organic additives into the bulk metal oxide materials.
These organic additives can cause the generation of gas upon ignition of the materials, therefore resulting in a composite material that can perform pressure/volume work. Furthermore, the desired organic functionality is well dispersed throughout the composite material on the nanoscale with the other components, and is therefore subject to the same increased reaction kinetics. The resulting nanoscale distribution of all the ingredients displays energetic properties not seen in its microscale counterparts due to the expected increase of mass transport rates between the reactants. The synthesis and characterization of iron(III) oxide/organosilicon oxide nanocomposites and their performance as energetic materials will be discussed.
Pg 5
We have previously prepared pyrotechnic and explosive composites based on thermite reactions whose fuel and oxidizer constituents are intimately mixed on the nanometer-sized scale. These energetic nanocomposites, in an attempt to prepare a high energy, high power energetic nanocomposite as discussed above, are prepared by taking advantage of the unique nano-architecture and mixing properties provided by sol-gel chemistry. One limitation inherent in any thermite energetic, however, is the inability of the energetic material to do pressure/ volume-work on an object. Thermites release energy in the form of heat and light, but are unable to move objects. Typically, work can be done by a rapidly produced gas that is released during the energetic reaction. In the case of the thermite energetic composite, a “gas generator” can be added to the composite mixture, however, this additive will be subject to the same mass transport issues mentioned above.
All of them on 7 floors.
Possible scenario:
Floor 4 was building management/maintenance and the cafeteria. Rigged above dropped ceiling during off hours by the Acme Cable Co.
Floors 5 and 6 were mechanical rooms and could have been rigged with very few people knowing about it.
Floors 14 thru 17 were vacant and could have been rigged with only the riggers [Ace Remodel Co.] knowing about it.
That’s 7 floors x 12.75 = 89 feet.
FFA for 2.25s = 81.4 feet
http://www.calcresult.com/mech-eng/ballistics/freefall.html