The WTC Dust Markers typically appear angular or pulverized as a result of the extreme force of the collapse of the Towers, or spherical in shape resulting from the high temperatures associated with the ensuing fires.
Lead, copper, mercury and zinc were derived from combustion and pulverization of WTC materials such as computer parts, electrical systems,
ductwork, fluorescent lights, thermostats, and office furniture.
A large number of organics were produced during the explosion and collapse of the WTC Towers. Ensuing fires created combustible components for months. Some of the materials that were subjected to elevated
temperature were building materials, jet fuel, fuel oil, and more than 100,000 gallons of PCB-containing transformer oil. As a result, WTC Dust has been found to contain organics such as dioxins/furans, PCBs and PNAs. These toxic compounds were detected in WTC Dust at levels many times higher than that in the background buildings.
The presence of lead oxides on particle surfaces indicates that the fires burned at extremely high temperatures that volatilized the lead,
oxidized it and then condensed it on the surfaces of other particulate.
Indicators of high temperature (e.g., spherical iron/metal/silicate and vesicular carbonaceous particles resulting from heated plastics) (Figure 327 and Figure 328).
Dust contains particles characteristic of severe stress, high-energy impact, and/or high temperatures that typically do not occur in this type of office building [4 Albany Street building]
Spherical iron and spherical or vesicular silicate particles that result from exposure to high temperature (Figure 356 E and Figure 356 F)
WTC Dust Markers exhibit characteristics of particles that have undergone
high stress and high temperature.
The WTC Dust Markers typically appear angular or pulverized as a result of the extreme force of the collapse of the Towers, or spherical in shape resulting from the high temperatures associated with the ensuing fires.
The source of the WTC Markers can be directly linked to the WTC Event by the composition and morphology of the particles; the asbestos, mineral wool and gypsum were used in the WTC Towers’ construction material, and the heat affected particles result from the fires that ensued following the WTC Event.
WTC Dust Markers include: chrysotile asbestos, pulverized gypsum, fragments of mineral wool, vermiculite, metals, organic components, particles that were generated by the high heat of the fires and coated particles.
Intense heat associated with the WTC Event produced various combustion products that became integral constituents of the WTC Dust Signature. Such heat-affected particles were not observed in the Background.
Building samples, or in the samples collected from the WTC Towers prior to the WTC Event (Figure 26), indicating that they are products of the WTC Event. Typically observed heat-affected particles include spherical and vesicular particles of iron, aluminosilicate, and carbon (Figure 27).