This theory is a multiple appeal to magic.
First of all, you fantasize about a "steady supply of un-ignited dust" - as if there was a mechanism that continually moved just the right amount of solif fuel to the hotspot, over the course of weeks, without interrruption. This in a chaotic, but largely steady debris pile. That's wishful thinking. buddy.
Your magic: Dust is solid and liquid at the same time, and it moves wherever it's needed all by its own!
Secondly, you wish for nanothermite to do exactly what it is designed NOT to do: To burn slowly. The whole point of nano-sizing thermite is to make it burn a lot faster than regular thermite!
Your magic: You make nano-thermite burn fast and slow at the same time!
Thirdly, there is a dissonance between keeping the hotspot just above 430°C, and having it hot enough to melt steel. Which is it?
Your magic: The nano-thermite fire is fairly cool and extremely hot at the same time!
Fourthly, and that's what kills your theory: You want nanothermite, with its measly energy density of 1.5 kJ/g to keep burning and staying hot for weeks. This defies even the simplest considerations of thermodynamics. Even the best insulation in a debris pile could not do that, unless you have absolutely ridiculous amounts of the stuff at your disposal.
Your magic: Little energy turns into great heat - You create energy out of nothing!
In short: With thermite, no matter how you turn it, you can't have it both ways: Burn it slowly over the course of weeks, and make it melt steel in the process.
I guess you will reject the points I raised, because you have zero understanding of the chemical physics and of thermodynamics behind them. You certainly don't have the faintest clue about why thermite can melt steel in the first place. You never grasped what energy density means, and how it relates to your problems. It is only because the science involved here is utterly foreign to you that you can, and must, believe in magic.
Clarke's third law applies to you, Miragememories:
Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.
Fire and insulation are, like falling things, technologies too advanced for you. You don't know where their science ends and your magic begins.