Italy has an inquisitorial system. There isn't a right to remain silent and a right to a lawyer for the common citizen in a police context, in the Anglo-Saxon sense. ...
In Italy you need to be a formal suspect in order to recive an equivalent of the Miranda warning. The citizen who speaks with police is not told his rights as in the Miranda warning, because he has no such rights: he must always cooperate and always has to answer....you can leave when you want. However, if they deem they can take in custody a person, but if they take someone in custody they must call a magistrate with no delay...
I'm having trouble understanding this. I think I grasp to some degree the distinction between a "witness" and a "suspect." But if a witness "must always cooperate" and "always has to answer," the police could (and most likely would) decide that someone is uncooperative if he doesn't tell them what they want to hear. Imagine that a crime has occurred in your neighborhood. You didn't do it and you don't know anything about it. But the police have decided that you either did it yourself or helped one of your friends do it. Maybe a neighbor pointed the finger at you to deflect attention from himself. So you tell the cops honestly you're not their guy, and they say "We know you did it. Who helped you? Tell us the truth!" Now what? Can you just leave now? Really? Can you call a lawyer now? Suppose you answer every question with some variation of "I don't know" or "I don't remember" or "God Bless America!," and the cops don't like it? It sounds like the police can do what they want with you -- without a lawyer, without a recording -- as long as they don't call you a "suspect," and then when they do they can lock you up without bail until you go to trial. What rights does anyone have in a system like this?