More to the point, it is hard for you to respond at all adequately.
I don't have "all this time". I spent a good time of my spare time of 3 days reading this thread. Man, what a laborious train wreck!
Most of what I wrote has nothing to do with what Cole might present. I am well prepared. I know my arguments. I fully understand where and why yours fail. That's why I can write these posts rather speedily.
I have watched SOME of Cole's videos.
Unless you make a specific claim and back it up by reference to specific statements and images in the Cole videos, I know you are wasting my time, as you can't even put in words what your claim is and what the evidence is.
Nonsense. If it takes more than an hour to make a specific claim and back it up, the whole argument is not well specified.
Poisoning the Well Logical Fallacy. Try to avoid it in the future!
So what? Nothing in my post is in any way, form or shape dependent on that flow containing aluminium. You are totally missing any and all points I raised, and the totally of my argument.
Totally irrelevant.
Thermite as the explanation that you hint at is not only excessively improbable, it also does nothing to further the quest defined in your OP. This, and the very
non-existence of even any such a theory.
Not just volume, also the quality of my arguments.
Repetitions are a proven method of teaching and learning. Unfortunately, it so far fails in your case.
Why? How would it relieve Al Qaeda of the responsibility to hijack and crash planes?
Can you name any such people? If not, please retract.
How many? Please show me that "a lot of people" here would disagree.
Anyway, even if tue, that is an
Ad Populum Logical Fallacy. Learn to avoid it.
Why is that clear? The case and evidence against Al Qaede rests in no way shape or form on the non-presence of molten steel. Unless you lay -
and prove! - out a theory to the jury that would explain that link.
What reasoning is behind that guess? If you can't spell out convincing reasons, you better admit and retract.
Video-id and timestamp, please.
I hear you:
You don't know. Please cut from your argument any proposition when you don't know if it's true. Should save us all a lot of time reading that nonsense.
Yes, and it goes the other way round, too.
Bottom line is:
You don't know. Please cut from your argument any proposition when you don't know if it's true. Should save us all a lot of time reading that nonsense.
Please explain to the jury why that is interesting. Does it cast any light on the evidence against and culpability of Al Qaeda? If so, elaborate! Seems like you have a
theory in the back of your mind that you want the jury to accept. If so,
spell out that theory - and prove it!
Oh. But remember how you (falsely) accused
us of arguing that "government would not lie"!? What a hypocrite you are!
I am however not saying that Jones lies in this paper (I
know though that he has lied elsewhere in the past).
What does that mean with regard to the evidence against and culpability of Al Qaeda? If so, elaborate! Seems like you have a
theory in the back of your mind that you want the jury to accept. If so,
spell out that theory - and prove it! I expect you to properly cite Jones' article (that is: quote from it, and tell us what page you quoted from).
You did not understand my argument at all. Let me elaborate - and please note that this is now a short lesson for you in chemical physics and thermodynamics! Pay attention, and try to learn:
The terms "heat", "temperature", "energy", "power" have very specific meanings in physics. We are going to need them all when thinking about what various sources of chemical energy can do to materials.
- Energy is "the ability a physical system has to do work on other physical systems" (Wikipedia). Such work, in our context, can come in the form of heating a mass to a higher temperature, or melting it. It is measured in the SI-unit Joule (J). Chemical energy exists in the form of molecular bonding and can get released through exothermic chemical reactions.
- Heat is the transfer of thermal energy. think of it as an energy differential. It too is measured in the SI-unit Joule (J).
- Temperature is something quite different from Heat: It is measured in a totally different SI-unit, namely the Kelvin (K), or often °C or °F. "Temperature is tied directly to the mean kinetic energy of particles", meaning molecules or atoms in our context, which is called the themal energy. Thermal energy has a habit of dissipating towards a state where the entire physical system is at the same temperature. That means any mass that has a higher temperature than its surrounding will cool, and cooler mass will warm up.
- Power is "the rate at which work is performed or energy is converted" (Wikipedia), or energy conversion per time unit. It is thus measured in Joules per second, J/s. 1J/s is defined as 1W (Watt)
Chemical compounds that can burn contain chemical energy. One can both theoretically calculate and measure the chemical energy content of compounds per mass unit: Energy per mass unit is called "energy density", and expressed in J/g (Joules per gram), or more often kJ/g (kilo(thousand)Joules per gram). This is a chemical property of materials that cannot be changed by purely physical processes such as grinding, melting etc. Fossile fuels typically have an energy density above 40kJ/g, many organic compounds (plastics, fats, proteins, resins...) typically come in anywhere between 15 and 40 kJ/g. Some composite organic materials (which also may contain inorganic compounds) such as wood, paper, body tissue are somewhat lower: Wood and paper have somewhere between 15 and 18kJ/g, food somewhere between 5 and 25kJ/g, the human body (including all the water it contains) an average of around 10kJ/g. Thermite has even less energy density: The theoretical maximum is 3.9kJ/g - no kind of Al-Fe-thermite can exceed that value (I say this just in case you read about "nano-" or "super-"thermite somewhere and truther try to make you believe that stuff has somehow more energy - it doesn't), but in practice there are losses, and
actual thermite has an energy density of only 1.5-3kJ/g.
When things burn, they release "heat", that is they transfer their chemical energy; either as radiation (which in turn "heats" up other materials when absorbed) or by raising the temperature of the reaction products and their immediate surrounding by contact.
The
temperature that is reached by is an emergent property of a thermodynamic equilibrium that ensues, and is dependent on several factors. Chief among them are
a) the rate at which chemical energy is released by burning
b) the rate at which heat is transfered away
The thermite reaction reaches very high temperatures not because thermitze contains or releases so much energy or heat, but because
a) it burns fairly quickly and
b) more importantly, none of the products of the thermite reaction are gasses. When organics burn, they always release gasses, which transfer the heat away very quickly.
After the reaction is over and temperature has peaked, temperature of course will drop again towward thermal equilibrium, and do so faster the higher temperature difference still is.
So we see that melting of steel (or indeed melting of thermite's reaction products) is dependent on the reaction releasing more heat per mass and time unit than gets whisked away by heat transfer at temperatures at or below the melting point of steel. Rate of energy transfer/conversion, as we saw, is called "power". We could say that thermite can only melt steel if it burns with enough power per mass unit to offset the heat loss.
Now. I was looking at the idea: What happens if we somehow could make thermite burn not very quickly (a pound gone in a matter of seconds) but slowly over a matter of "weeks"? To make "weeks" plural, we must talk about at least 2 weeks. In other words, what happens if we convert the chemical energy not in, say, 5 seconds, but 2 weeks? Obvious answer: Power will decrease accordingly. As I said, perfect thermite would have an energy density of 3,900 J/g. Burn the bulk of it in 5 seconds, and you get a power of 780W per gram. Burn one pound (metric), and you get 390,000 Watts. That is a lot of power!! Think of 3900 conventional lightbulbs of 100W each in one place - damned yes, that gets hot and surely can melt some stuff! However convert the 3900J/g over the course of 2 weeks, which is 1,209,600, and power per gram is down to 0,00322W/g, or power per pound of thermite is a mere 1,61. Think of one of those tiny bulbs on your christmas tree, and try to cook one pound of water with these - can it be done? No. Can it melt steel? Hell no!
Comparison to the power per mass unit of mammals - let's take humans now instead of dogs. Daily recommended calory intake for a healthy adult is 2000kcal, that is 8373.6kJ. This much energy gets converted into heat during 1 day, or 86,400 seconds. So a person produces 8,373,600 Joules / 86,400 seconds = 96.92W. Let's round that to 100W, assume one person to weigh on average 70kg or 140 pounds, and our heat power is 0.71W/pound. That is slightly less than half the specific power of our slow-burning thermite (dogs are smaller and more active, they have more power per mass). Our energy conversion allows us to maintain a temperature of some 15°C above our environment. Slow-burning thermite wouldn't achieve much more. This emergent temperature however is very much below the ignition point of thermite - the reaction could not continue on its own.
Conclusion: Slow-burning thermite is impossible, it could not sustain itself; even if it were possible, it would do no more than warm up its surrounding by more than 30°C.[/B]
Well, the point is dogs can't melt steel, and neither can't slow-burning thermite.
Well, I was talking about the heat production of living dogs - the heat they produce by digesting and using their food. We know what sort of temperature that gives us - around 37°C. Far from melting point of steel.
However, you are right that there were burning bodies, mostly human, but no doubt a few dogs as well. I did the calculation once: Human bodies have an energy density that is 3 to 7 times higher than that of thermite! So yes, that too should alert you to the fact that slow-burning thermite, if it could exist, would not be a hazard at all.