So correct me then .Be more specific. Keep it simple for the readers.
Alrighteee!
You are correct that smaller particle size means greater surface-to-volume ratio. This, in thermite has three principle effects on the thermite reaction, two positive and one negative:
- Positive: As there are more iron-oxide molecules in close proximity to aluminium atoms at any one time, the reaction can progress faster and also possibly more complete. Speed is the main objective.
- Positive: Smaller particle size has a minor effect to lower the temperature where the reaction starts, making it easier to ignite and, again, a little faster.
- Negative: Aluminium always develops a thin film of oxide on its surface as soon as it has contact with air. This is a minor nuisance when particle size is larger, but becomes significant at nano-sizes. It means, practically, that a significant proportion of the aluminium gets deactivated and becomes useless ballast. It can't add to the reaction then. To partially offset this, the thermite mix must contain more aluminium (or, the reverse, less oxigene in the form of iron oxide) than would be optimal for maximum energy density. In theory, optimal thermite has an energy density of 3.9kJ/g. In practice, normal thermite may be around 3 kJ/g. Nano-thermite however reaches only around 1.5kJ/g.
Now, when you say "concentrated", it is not clear what you mean. The word means "more of the same per mass unit" or "more of the same per volume".
By using a different particle size, you can't significantly increase the density (mass per volume) of the stuff. In fact, that is another potential problem of nanosizing, that you can't alway pack it as densely as you could larger particles, or particles of mixed sizes.
Now, if you compare nano-thermite to regular thermite, you will find the following changes with regards to "concentration":
- The ratio of usuable reactants to total mass is reduced, because of the larger proportion of useless aluminium oxid.
Concetration decreases
- In other words, the energy density (energy per mass) is lower.
Concetration decreases
- Density and volume are roughly the same. So
energy concentration by volume also decreases
The only thing that increases is reaction speed, or energy release per time unit. This is called "power" in physics. A term you will probabkly misunderstand next.
The truth is: You don't need more power to melt more steel, you need more energy. But nanothermite contains less energy than regular thermite, per pound as well as per gallon.