Originally Posted by BeAChooser
Assuming that you looked at photos of the wound, would you then consider your opinion about the cause of the wound to be of equal significance/weight to that a highly experienced forensic pathologist?
Examination > looking at a photo.
Non-sequitor. You didn't address the question. Are you having some problem doing that?
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In other words, do you believe in the concept of experts?
Appeal to authority.
As noted in wikipedia (
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_authority ),
Fallacious arguments from authority are often the result of failing to meet either of the two conditions from the previous section. Specifically, when the inference fails to meet the first condition, this is sometimes called an "appeal to inappropriate authority". This occurs when an inference relies on individuals or groups without relevant expertise or knowledge.
But that doesn't apply here. The forensic pathologists in question were recognized as some of the best in the country or the military,
when it came to gunshot. They did have the relevant expertise and knowledge.
The other type of fallacy is to assert that the conclusion of the expert "must" be true. And I'm not doing that either. I'm simply saying what the pathologists themselves stated … that the evidence suggests the strong possibility of a bullet wound … so Brown should have been autopsied.
In fact, as noted here:
http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/appeal-to-authority.html
Since this sort of reasoning is fallacious only when the person is not a legitimate authority in a particular context, it is necessary to provide some acceptable standards of assessment. The following standards are widely accepted:
1. The person has sufficient expertise in the subject matter in question.
… snip …
2. The claim being made by the person is within her area(s) of expertise.
… snip …
3. There is an adequate degree of agreement among the other experts in the subject in question.
… snip …
4. The person in question is not significantly biased.
… snip …
5. The area of expertise is a legitimate area or discipline.
… snip …
6. The authority in question must be identified.
… snip …
As suggested above, not all Appeals to Authority are fallacious. This is fortunate since people have to rely on experts. … snip …
… snip …
What distinguishes a fallacious Appeal to Authority from a good Appeal to Authority is that the argument meets the six conditions discussed above.
And the military photographer and all of the pathologists whose authority I'm appealing to in this case meet all six of those conditions. They are all individuals with extensive training and experience when it comes to evaluating bullet wounds and aircraft accidents. They are all making claims within their area of expertise. There is adequate agreement among them (indeed, only Colonel Dickerson is now claiming Brown died by blunt force trauma and I can prove he's repeatedly lied in this case). None of the pathologists has been shown to be biased (indeed, I've shown that some of them are democrats). The area of expertise is a legitimate discipline. And they are all identified by name.
In short, 000063, you don't know what you are talking about when you throw out the phrase "appeal to authority" as if it's a bad thing.
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Or, to express my question another way … would you think you know enough about medicine to overrule your doctors if your doctors told you that you had a serious disease and needed treatment?
Apples/oranges. Would you trust more a doctor who looked at a photo of you, or one that performed an actual physical in-person checkup?
Doctors look at test results and x-rays all the time and then tell you what disease you have and what treatment you need. If you think all you need is for the doctor to lay eyes and hands on you to diagnose serious ailments …
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That's false. The opinion of highly trained and experienced forensic pathologists, after looking at photos and x-rays of a wound, is evidence. It's expert testimony. They can testify in court about they saw and believe. And these pathologists said they saw features in the wound and x-rays that made them think this might be a bullet wound.
I've highlighted the qualifiers.
So what? I've never suggested there is definitely a bullet wound. Only that the experts said that was distinct possibility. That there are other facts in the case that might point to motive, means and opportunity for a murder. And that Brown's body should still get the autopsy it was deserved to lay this controversy to rest. Are you afraid of exhuming his body and taking a look? Hmmmm?
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The only way to prove it, one way or the other, was to open up Brown's skull and take a look.
My forensic experience comes largely from watching CSI and reading Cathy Reichs novels, but I'm pretty sure it's possible to identify a bullet hole without skull-opening.
Pretty sure? So you are placing your *expertise* above all the named pathologists?
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They all, in the end, said that should have happened. But they were prevented from doing that on orders from the WhiteHouse, JCS and Commerce Department (according to a sworn statement from the pathologist who did the examination).
Because it would be a waste of resources.
Well that must be your *expert* opinion, because no one in government, the military or the DOJ said that was the reason for not autopsying Brown's body. And what resources would they have been *wasted* anyway? Could you be more specific?
So, basically, you have nothing but argument from ignorance.
LOL! So that's what you call expert opinion?
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Look at them. You don't even have to be a forensic pathologist to see that the bone plug is offset from the wound and not on the surface of the hole as Gormley claimed in the official report. You don't have to be an expert to see that the hole is a perfect circle or see the specks of metallic density material
Which is not the same as metal.
Now wait? I thought you just got done assuring us there are ways to identify a bullet hole without opening the skull? Are you telling us in your *expert* opinion

rolleyes

that trained pathologists can't identify material of "metallic density" in an x-ray? And distinguishe it from … say … bone?
Planes are, in fact, made of metal.
So what? Your side of this debate is claiming that there was NO penetration of the skull.
If, by some strange chance, a metal part of the plane made the hole that looked like a bullet hole, it might fragment after penetration.
Possible, but then the forensic pathologist at the crash site didn't find a metal part with the right shape and many of experts expressed the view that it would be very difficult for debris to make the type of wound that they saw in person, or in the photos. All in all, they could not rule out a gunshot wound. And, by law, if there were any indications of foul play in the death of a Secretary level government official, the FBI was supposed to be called in to investigate. They weren't. Yet pathologists saying "that's looks like a bullet wound" at the examination of the body without resolution that it wasn't, certainly would seem to quality as meeting the requirements of that law. Particularly in an individual being investigated for numerous crimes who was telling the special prosecutor he'd be willing to turn make a deal (which would have possibly implicated many important people).
Also, why would the conspirators even release this info?
Release what info? The photos and pathologists' statements? Haven't you been paying any attention to the discussion in this thread and past threads? This wasn't a willing disclosure of the government. This was revealed by military whistleblowers, some of whom had their careers destroyed by the government. The government in fact made every attempt to keep a lid on this once it became public. They issued gag orders against all the pathologists and the photographer (while allowing their pet pathologist, Gormley, to talk to the press). They seized all the original photos and files that Cogswell/Janoski had on the topic (including Cogswell's talk on "Mistakes In Forensic Pathology"). Only the fact that photos had already been released to the public is the reason I can link those photos to you on this thread.
Why not just fake a regular ol' plane crash? Pressure loss from some hole somewhere, lack of oxygen, blackout, crash. Or have the engine exhaust somehow feed "accidentally" into the cabin in imperceptible but lethal amounts. Or just crash the plane over the ocean.
Still having trouble dealing with the actual evidence?
Argument-type Six from
http://www.internationalskeptics.com/forums/showpost.php?p=7372259&postcount=163 .
Why shoot him in the head, and then coerce the coroner to conceal the evidence, then release the X-rays that "prove" the official story wrong?
Like I said, you don't know what you are talking about.
Shall I tell you how this whole thing came to light?
CPO Janoski in a sworn affidavit said that six months after Brown's death, she was told by Jeanmarie Sentell, the naval criminal investigator who was present at the examination, that x-rays and photographs were deliberately destroyed in the Brown case after a "lead snowstorm" was discovered in the x-rays. Janoski further testified that Sentell said that a second set of X-rays were made "less dense" to diminish or eradicate the "lead snowstorm" image, and that Colonel Gormley was involved in its creation.
After talking to Sentell, Janoski says she realized that she had taken slides photos of the first set of x-rays while they were displayed on a light table in the examination room. She located the slides and showed them to Colonel Cogswell. After looking at the pictures and x-rays slides, Cogswell decided that an autopsy should have been performed and began to say so publicly. He even included this case in a talk he gave on "mistakes in forensic pathology" at professional conferences and training courses.
On December 5, 1997, AFIP imposed a gag order on Cogswell, forcing him to refer all press inquiries on the Brown case to AFIP's public affairs office. Cogswell was told he could leave his office only with the permission of Dr. Jerry Spencer, Armed Forces Medical Examiner. He was escorted to his house by military police, who, without a warrant, seized all of his case materials on the Brown crash.
On December 9, 1997, Lt. Col. David Hause decided to come forward and publically agreed with Cogswell that an autopsy should have been performed. After he talked to the press, the gag order was extended to include all AFIP personnel. They were ordered to turn in "all slides, photos, x-rays and other materials" related to the Brown case. All personnel at the AFIP were prohibited from talking to the press and had to stay at their work stations for the duration of their working day. All personnel, including ranking officers, had to obtain permission to leave for lunch.
But by then, the photos and the x-ray slides were already in the public domain. And in case you are wondering, Alan Keyes, a spokesman for the AFIP, acknowledged that the internet photos are legitimate.
On December 11, 1997, despite the gag order, Gormley was allowed to give a live interview on Black Entertainment Television. Members of the black community, who had heard rumors about the possibility of a gun shot wound in Brown's head, had begun to ask for an investigation. This appears to be a clear attempt at "damage control". Gormley immediately attacked the other pathologists. He stated that one could rule out a bullet wound because no brain matter was visible in the wound. He also stated that the x-rays taken during the examination showed no trace of a bullet injury. He denied that two sets of x-rays existed. Then, he was confronted with a photograph taken during the examination (by Janoski) that showed brain matter visible in the wound. He ended up admitting that brain matter was indeed visible, excusing his former statements as a memory lapse. He then admitted that the hole was a "red flag" which should have triggered a further inquiry. Next he was confronted with a copy of Janowski's x-ray slides. He immediately changed his story and claimed that this first set of x-rays had been "lost" so that a second set was required. It was then pointed out that the Janoski x-rays slides show signs of a "lead snowstorm", which he didn't refute.
On January 9, 1998, the Washington Post reported that the AFIP had convened a review panel of ALL its pathologists, including Cogswell and Hause. The article quoted AFIP's director, Col. Michael Dickerson, in saying that the panel came to the unanimous conclusion that Brown died of blunt-force trauma and not a gunshot. According to Cogswell, however, he refused, following the advice of his lawyer, to participate in the review because he thought it would be unfair and biased. He says that most of those participating were not board-certified in forensic pathology and of those who were, none had significant interest or experience in gunshot wounds. He says that all of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner's forensic pathologists with any expertise in gunshot wounds (Cogswell, Hause and Air Force Maj. Thomas Parsons) dissented from the "official" opinion. Even though Hause and Parsons cooberated Cogswell's version, AFIP spokesman Chris Kelly said AFIP "stands by" Dickerson's claim that the findings were unanimous ... a clear lie.
On January 13, 1998, in violation of the gag order, Kathleen Janoski went public. She did this, according to her, for self protection and out of concern for the careers of Cogswell, Hause, and Parsons. Since then she has been interviewed repeatedly and has provided a sworn affidavit regarding what happened (as noted above).
So why don't you learn a bit more about the case before weighing in with your *expertise*?
