Hi all,
<snip>
I hardly need to invite you to let me know what you think, do I?
I got a lot of catch up to do! XD
I'm watching part 3 for now... Will try to see the remaining parts as I get breaks between a big project I'm helping out with. Coupla comments on my part:
1:20
Reason #56:
Unsound isn't quite correct. As an extreme example look up the
Burj Dubai which exceeds the height of
Taipei 101. The real issue with concrete i that it's heavier, and will often result in thicker structural components and on average somewhat shorter spans.
Steel OTOH has a very high strength to weight ration, allowing for strong designs with less "column" space. In other words, you get more habitable space for your buck. You'll find also that the new WTC 7 building is a concrete core system. In essence it's more an issue of efficiency. but of course site specific criteria also determine the use of materials.
#55 is a decent remark.... and one of many things to keep in mind when using non-analogous case studies. No other significant fire has ever started immedialy following an event in which numerous load bearing components critical to the building's strctural integrity had been either damaged or destroyed "pre-weakening" the building from the outset.
5:17
Reason 58: These examples mainly serve to point out that steel has a vulnerability to fire and that the WTC were no different in that regard. Where these play in, is to show that the WTC had the vulnerability, had protection, but could still fall if the right combination of circumstances came together. The plausibility is determined by the damage they sustained and any unique design methods that might have made them more susceptible to such an event, scenarios which were present. The examples here, at least as far I've seen in application, have never been used to make direct analgies with the WTC, and there's no indication of such here either.
6:25
Reason 59: Never heard of that coming up in "truth" debated per se, but sensible. Titatnic was rumoured as unsinkable and it sank, the Tacoma Narrows bridge flapped like a cloth and came apart due to engineering errors, space shuttle Columbia disintegrated in the atmosphere during reentry (never before happened), Skyscrapers collapsed after a very rare culmination of circumstances that designers attempted to address but had no express warranty of succeeding against.
Reason 60: more or less correct... steel will sag and creep if heated sufficiently, whereas concrete will generally "spall" and retain most of it's strength. I would edit the last sentence there as it can be somewhat confusing to people unfamiliar with the specific advantages and disadvantages between the two materials.
#62 at
7:15
Another one you may want to clarify. You're referring to thermal expansion/contraction, and it's important to keep in mind that in cases where the heat isn't sufficient to cause creep, the worry of it is is cases where the beam or column is restrained during expansion or contraction, which in turn causes additional sheer, or other cases in which the structure has no additional room to move and begins to deflect from that action. In cases of higher temperature, steel under load will still expand but it will also creep due to whatever loads it carries
9:38
#64 and 65 seem reasonable points to bring up. I would add, as a side note that while the protective measures attempt to address the weaknesses, performance is ultimately determined by whether or not the proximal cause of the event is within the scope that the protection can handle. In other words as I mentioned earlier, we as designers cannot address every single scenarios that can conceivably pop up. It's not possible to do so. Seems you do address this to an extent when you speak of using caution when using the word "indestructible"
Hopefully all of this helps!
But even the collapse of the Delft portion was arrested by the lowest floors, sort of proving Gage's point about resistance. Whereas it appears to weaken your point since the very partial collapse was in fact arrested.
I beg to differ. As you yourself pointed out the building in question is of different construction than the WTC, and their was no pre-existing structural damage to the area in which the fires started, The building is no where near as tall, and no where near as "slender." This essentially means that while certain aspects can be compared if you make the scope of relevance clear, the "totality of collapse" is not among these. The best way to answer the question of "why" is to research the specifics of the building itself. In most cases it'll provide answers as to why the result was different, and I wouldn't be surprised if the construction methods, more specifically the lack of a tube-on-tube core design was one of the main factors making the result different.
If you really wanted to make Delft a fair comparison you would have to account for the materials, the length and heat of the respective fires, etc etc.
Which also needs to be considered when making a critique about collapse totality, outlined above. IMO chris was clear about the scope of relevance wrt the comparison he made.
The points he outlines about the topple over scenario, and collapse path are within reason, sensible for example, providing he's clear that that a building with different construction isn't intended as a 1 to 1 comparison
Cheers!