Here's a rather thorough paper on the concept of an internalized false confession, how they are produced, and what sort of conditions make subjects more vulnerable to them. What Amanda experienced was a rather mild form, some confess to murders and walk the interrogators through an imaginary sequence of events step-by-step of their own volition. She didn't do that, she simply believed for a while she must have been there, after all why would the cops lie about having 'hard evidence' of her at the scene, or Raffaele lie about her going out? Perhaps what she'd been told to imagine was real, and she actually did repress the memory like they said?
I wanted to come back to this as I posted this link in particular as I got the impression that Rolfe is dubious of the idea of an internalized false confession. I chose this one as it's a
law enforcement link, these guys (at the time of its writing as the admit) don't even want to admit that the phenomena is real, which incidentally has since been proven, but they sure go out of their way to tell cops what
not to do to avoid one, which if you'll note is
exactly what ILE did! In fact, if you read the whole chapter, you'll find they
broke every rule in the book! They could have produced a false confession on many different grounds. The section on corroboration is telling as well, they know just how important that is, just like Di Felice would say at his 'case closed' conference, yet another indication they were pressing her to accuse Patrick, and why the 'confession/accusation' was solely at their suggestion and insistence.
The give three main things to avoid producing a 'hypothetical' internalized false confession.
1. The crime has to be something the person could imagine themselves doing. In Amanda's case they
didn't tell her they were planning to haul her away in chains and then without any evidence whatsoever to support it, tell the world she was holding down her friend when while Patrick and Raffaele raped her and then killed her. They told her they thought she was just at the scene, and she was covering for someone or had blocked it out of her mind due to the trauma to her psyche. In other words, little involvement except as a bystander when something awful happened.
2. There has to be an explanation for why she doesn't remember, in this case as above they said she'd blocked it and they wanted to 'recover' the memory. When she protested signing the papers they reiterated that 'it would come back to her.' They also started that night by confronting her on her use of hash the night of the murder, another factor that might cause memory loss.
3. They have to lay the groundwork for her to believe it. This they covered especially well, telling her they had 'hard evidence' of her being at the scene, that Raffaele said she went out that night, and that her text message indicated she was going to meet Patrick that night, which unfortunately due to her poor Italian at the time was literally true. As Amanda has no reason to think Raffaele or the cops would lie, as a frightened girl she's been hanging around them like a puppy since the murder, from a rational standpoint it becomes believable for a while. What else is she to think?
Also note what it says in there of how they'd said before but thought it bore repeating, how important it was to avoid trying to get a suspect to admit to something they didn't remember doing.