Here is some of what Wiki says on "Stoning:
"In AD 30, {right around the time of Jesus' ministry} forty years before the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem, the Sanhedrin effectively abolished capital punishment. As God alone was deemed to be the only arbiter in the use of capital punishment, not fallible people, the Sanhedrin made stoning a hypothetical upper limit on the severity of punishment.
<snip>
Prior to early Christianity, particularly in the Mishnah, doubts were growing in Jewish society about the morality of capital punishment in general and stoning in particular. The laws make it clear that the death penalty was used only rarely.
<snip>
In the Sahih Bukhari, however, stoning is mandated by Mohammed at least 34 times.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoning
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And the OT talks of those laws, but the only actual stonings that come to mind is that of the martyr Stephen who was one of the first deacons of the new church.
Much of the Jews whole identity of that era was their religion. Just as much of our identity is to be a citizen of our country. The US has the death penalty for treason, but few actually receive it. When you think about it, rebelling against the one and only God who created you and the universe (whom they of that era certainly believe existed) should be a more serious offense then rebelling against your country.