It depends on the context you are using it for, but the general definition is when an entire area is completely on fire. You can have a fully involved house/building, floor, or room.
No, I have not seen what you have described. Normally fireproofing can have a rating of 1 hour to 3 hours, but it depends on the thickness of the fireproofing and fire load.
To answer the rest of of your question, I am looking more into this. I will return with more of an answer than I do now.
-ETA-
Okay, after doing a little research I have found a couple things that might help with your question. I usually don't like citing Wikipedia, but unfortunately I do not have the money to purchase the paper in which this is sourced from.
(Go to the "Recycling and Disposal" section of the page)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestos
As for the blazeshield I couldn't find a melting point, but here is some
basic information. To get a better answer, I would recommend emailing the company and seeing what you could find out.
Here is a diagram of specific fire ratings for different types of steel components