I'd generally agree with Darat in regards to culture shaping the religion. Things like wearing burquas, or female genital mutilation...these are things done in the
name of religion, but that were actually introduced as a result of cultural beliefs (and then religion was used to justify/enforce them). Same way that when our culture believed slavery to be good, Christians used the Bible to justify it; and when our culture believed slavery to be bad, Christians used the Bible to condemn it.
Now, to the OP -- many of you are familiar with my work with the Mosuo, a matriarchal minority group in China. In the Mosuo culture, the women really are the leaders...they lead the house, own the property, make the decisions, etc. (As one Mosuo man said to me, "Men have the muscles...men's work is work that takes muscles. Women have the brains...women's work is work that takes brains")
And their religion reflects this. It is a polytheist religion, but the predominant god is a female entity; and much of the religious teachings focus on the 'sanctity' of womanhood (needless to say, they are becoming something of a 'holy grail' for feminist groups).
Ironically, despite all of this, only men can be 'priests' of this religion...and it is passed from father to son. The reason for this is rather interesting. The Mosuo were not always a purely matriarchal culture -- they had an upper and lower class, on a feudal system, where a rich minority owned all the land, and the peasant majority were their labor. Within that system, the upper class had a patriarchal system, while the lower class had a matriarchal system.
When the Communists took over in China, they destroyed all feudal practices...so the Mosuo "upper class' essentially disappeared overnight. Thus, today, the Mosuo are almost entirely matriarchal.
But the Mosuo priests -- called "Daba" -- were originally a part of the upper class, and although the rest of the patriarchal aspect of the culture disappeared, they retained a patriarchal system for passing on their knowledge.
It creates a rather unique situation. The Mosuo are, so far as I'm aware, the only culture in the world where a matriarchal system has essentially prevailed over a patriarchal one; and certainly, there's a great deal of respect for women, and a fairly high level of equality (in fact, children under 14 are largely raised with little gender differentiation, dressing the same and having the same responsibilities).
Yet their religion, which focuses on femininity and female goddesses, is led exclusively by men.
One of the many reasons the Mosuo continue to fascinate me
