NIST reason for collapse of the towers: Removed fireproofing and building content fire.
NIST reason for collapse of WTC7: Thermal Expansion
How many times before 9/11 and since has this ever occurred? NEVER
You'd be wrong on both counts. Steel expansion and it's risks in fires in steel buildings has been on the FDNY Lieutenant's test for decades.
Source: Lieutenant's test "how much does a 100 ft beam expand"
http://snurl.com/j5434 [books_google_com]
Steel structures collapse due to fire quite regularly.
Examples: (sorry for the ugly layout. It's a work in progress. )
January of 1997 -- the $15 million dollar Sight and Sound Theater in Lancaster
County, Pa collapsed due to fire. <br> <br>
http://www.interfire.org/res_file/pdf/Tr-097.pdf <br> <br>
Historical Survey of Multistory Building Collapses Due to Fire <br>
By: Jesse Beitel and Nestor Iwankiw, Ph.D., P.E. <br> <br>
http://www.fpemag.com/archives/article.asp?issue_id=27&i=153 <br>
On Jan 16, 1967, the steel roof of the McCormick Place in Chicago
collapsed due to fire <br> <br>
Enigma Business Park fire <br> <br>
http://www.bbc.co.uk/herefordandwor...s/2006/11/03/malvern_fire_video_feature.shtml
<br> <br>
Dutch fire <br> <br>
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZaK5YVVaRCo
<br> <br>
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September/October 2002 <br> <br>
Bridge Rebuilt on the Fast Track <br>
by Timothy Barkley and Gary Strasburg <br>
When a crash occurs on a main travel artery, it can back up traffic for
miles-causing a chain reaction affecting every route in the vicinity. If the
incident occurs at an interchange of three major highways and destroys a
well-traveled bridge, transportation officials have the makings of a major
congestion emergency. <br> <br>
This exact scenario occurred at the junction of Interstates 65, 20,and 59 in
downtown Birmingham, AL, on Saturday, January 5, 2002. At approximately 10 a.m., a
gasoline tanker truck hit the I-65 Southbound bridge. Fire and heat caused the steel
girders to sag up to 3 meters (10 feet) on one side. The interchange was engulfed in
smoke that filled the skyline, visible to motorists and residents of the city.
<br><br>
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Steel building collapsses due to fire. <br><br>
http://www.charleston.net/news/2007/jun/20/mourning_heroes/ <br><br>
Mourning 9 heroes <br>
By Noah Haglund (Contact), Nadine Parks (Contact), Glenn Smith (Contact)
The Post and Courier <br>
Wednesday, June 20, 2007 <br><br>
'Fearless' Charleston firefighters 'will never be forgotten,' Riley says Capt. Ralph
Linderman of the St. Andrews Fire Department said the blaze was the hottest he could
recall in three decades of firefighting. "That fire bent steel like a wet noodle,"
he said. <br><br>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charleston_Sofa_Super_Store_fire <br>
<br><br>
---------------- <br>
(04-29) 12:51 PDT -- A huge ball of fire from an exploding gasoline tanker melted
steel and caused an overpass in the MacArthur Maze near the East Bay end of the Bay
Bridge to collapse onto the roadway below early Sunday, virtually ensuring major
traffic problems for weeks to come. <br><br>
The tanker, loaded with 8,600 gallons of unleaded gasoline, was heading from a
refinery in Benicia to a gas station on Hegenberger Road, in Oakland, shortly
before 4 a.m. when it crashed. <br><br>
Engineers not connected to the incident said the steel underbelly of the I-580
overpass seems to have heated to a sufficient temperature to bend -- and that
movement pulled the roadbed off its supports. <br><br>
"It was so much engulfed in flames, it was hard to see the freeway itself,"
Rodriguez told KCBS radio. "It was scary because, you know, it's metal and
cement... You could see the freeway drooping. It looked like plastic melted. It was
unbelievable. It was bent and finally it just fell and we saw it hit the ground."
<br><br>
http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/chronicle/archive/2007/04/29/BAGVOPHQU46.DTL
<br><br>
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1989 FIRE CLOSES I-78, FORCES DETOURS <br>
http://www.nycroads.com/roads/I-78_NJ/ <br>
FIRE CLOSES I-78, FORCES DETOURS: In the early morning hours of August 7, 1989, a
multiple-alarm fire at an illegal garbage dump underneath I-78 near Newark Airport
caused heavy damage to the freeway overpass. The source of the fire was a mound of
trash 25 feet tall and hundreds of yards long consisting of scrap wood, plastics
and paper. The heat of the fire buckled the ten-inch concrete surface and melted
steel support beams, and the resulting weight shifts from the highway