does anyone here have any actual expertise in materials science? or, does anyone have any considered opinion regarding the general merits of this scientific discipline?
this is also from roy's paper:
<B>[FONT=TimesNewRoman,Bold]
[/FONT]
[FONT=TimesNewRoman,Bold]Changes in different water properties, each requiring a[/FONT]
[FONT=TimesNewRoman,Bold]change of structure, each at a different temperature[/FONT]
[FONT=TimesNewRoman,Bold]Property Comment[/FONT]
[FONT=TimesNewRoman,Bold]</B>[/FONT]
Density Maximum at 4 °C
Refractive index Thermal maximum near 0 °C
Thermal expansion coefficient Changes from extremely high up to 6—7 °C
to low (normal) above 12 °C
Isothermal compressibility Minimum at 50 °C
Isothermal piezo-optic coefficient Maximum near 50 °C
Specific heat of water Minimum at 35 °C
Table I and Fig. 13 show the extreme degree to which water’s properties are anomalous. Note first in the figure that the properties of the vast majority of liquids have
monotonic, linear, changes with some variable. Next, note the very, very different behavior of water. Next, note that it is not just one property in which very anomalous changes are found, but such changes are found in many properties. Note that the kink point or maxima or minima are all at different temperatures. These anomalies clearly tell the materials scientist that there is no way to achieve these phenomena except by a combination of two of our key conclusions about the structure of water. Across the transition point in properties there has to be a change of structure. Secondly, there must be several quite separate structural transitions to account for just the property changes noted. There is no prima facie way of telling whether such absolutely confirmed familiar behavior can be explained by complex rearrangement of just two (or five) states or clusters, or whether it requires simpler re-arrangements of many different states. The crystal chemical connection invoked by Robinson is certainly operative, but it is not necessary that water consists of a mixture of only “two states”, which by some juggling could be adjusted to try to explain the plethora of anomalies by utilizing only two structures. Our proposal is simply to posit that there are many possible structures.