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Loose Change

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I find it telling that the original poster of this question doesn't even know what a floor TRUSS is (it's not a "trust"). Why should I believe that he/she did any research into his own question if he couldn't even take the time to find out what the hell was talking about? Pure ignorance.

I was a truss designer for 6 years. The truss/trust thing always bugged me.
I read a couple research papers recently about using machine learning techniques to design building trusses. From that small introduction to the field, I have to say I'll always admire those in your profession. It was a startlingly complex topic!

I'm sure you have a very good understanding of how some of the stresses on the trusses in the WTC would behave. Care to share some of your professional experience with us?
 
Well, I haven't touched a truss in a while and I am by no means a structural engineer, but the premise is simple - acheiving strength through mechanical triangulation using lightweight material.

For instance, I designed wood trusses (both floor and roof). A normal conventional framed roof would use 2x10's or even 2x12's at a 12" or possibly 16" spacing (depending on the size of the roof). The same roof could be framed using a truss made solely out of 2x4 lumber (using triangulation)... and the spacing could be adjusted to 24" o.c. . The main advantage of trusses is the ease of installation, and the longer unsupported spans.

One thing that trusses are notorious for, though, is the way that they fail. I'll do my best to explain in layman's terms. For a 2x12 roof to fail, a fire has to burn through a substancial portion of the lumber to get just one member to fail. But with a truss, you basically have less material, with a greater surface area. Although it's stronger, it can fail much, much quicker. Ask any fire fighter - they hate trusses because they fail so quickly (and without warning).

In the case of the WTC, I found the PBS special very informative. It's been a while since I've seen it, but if I remember correctly the trusses are what were holding the buildings together after the impact. Of course when you start changing reactions around (members that should be in compression become in tension and vice-versa), and add high temperatures, I'm surprised the towers stood as long as they did.
 
Well, I haven't touched a truss in a while and I am by no means a structural engineer, but the premise is simple - acheiving strength through mechanical triangulation using lightweight material.

For instance, I designed wood trusses (both floor and roof). A normal conventional framed roof would use 2x10's or even 2x12's at a 12" or possibly 16" spacing (depending on the size of the roof). The same roof could be framed using a truss made solely out of 2x4 lumber (using triangulation)... and the spacing could be adjusted to 24" o.c. . The main advantage of trusses is the ease of installation, and the longer unsupported spans.

One thing that trusses are notorious for, though, is the way that they fail. I'll do my best to explain in layman's terms. For a 2x12 roof to fail, a fire has to burn through a substancial portion of the lumber to get just one member to fail. But with a truss, you basically have less material, with a greater surface area. Although it's stronger, it can fail much, much quicker. Ask any fire fighter - they hate trusses because they fail so quickly (and without warning).

In the case of the WTC, I found the PBS special very informative. It's been a while since I've seen it, but if I remember correctly the trusses are what were holding the buildings together after the impact. Of course when you start changing reactions around (members that should be in compression become in tension and vice-versa), and add high temperatures, I'm surprised the towers stood as long as they did.
Thanks, Vespa. That was actually really cool. The changing stresses is the aspect of this that interests me most. The truss structural optimization problems I was looking at in these machine learning papers considered only the load of the building. I imagine the machine learning algorithms would not make good practical trusses because they were so simplistic.

There seem to be so many things to consider, especially when building something like the WTC. The weight of the building would be hard enough to account for, but throwing in the varying wind resistance, pressure, and varying properties of the building materials... I'm a amazed they can even start to account for things like the building being ripped half apart by an airplane.
 
In case Alek ever comes back, or at least until the next CT believer sees great significance in the "near free fall speed" collapse of the towers, I've just thought of a new question to ask:

What is it that causes intentionally demolished buildings to collapse at near free-fall speeds, and how would that same reasoning not apply to the WTC buildings (in the standard model explanation)? I can't imagine any coherent answer to this question.
 
In case Alek ever comes back, or at least until the next CT believer sees great significance in the "near free fall speed" collapse of the towers, I've just thought of a new question to ask:

What is it that causes intentionally demolished buildings to collapse at near free-fall speeds, and how would that same reasoning not apply to the WTC buildings (in the standard model explanation)? I can't imagine any coherent answer to this question.
The usual argument is that explosives were planted in the building and detonated in a way that caused the building to collapse at free fall.
 
The usual argument is that explosives were planted in the building and detonated in a way that caused the building to collapse at free fall.

The explosives, of course, were soundless and invisible. Which means the CIA has perfected hushaboom.
 
Thanks, Vespa. That was actually really cool. The changing stresses is the aspect of this that interests me most. The truss structural optimization problems I was looking at in these machine learning papers considered only the load of the building. I imagine the machine learning algorithms would not make good practical trusses because they were so simplistic.

There seem to be so many things to consider, especially when building something like the WTC. The weight of the building would be hard enough to account for, but throwing in the varying wind resistance, pressure, and varying properties of the building materials... I'm a amazed they can even start to account for things like the building being ripped half apart by an airplane.

That's exactly the problem with the WTC scenerio. In most cases, trusses are designed to handle the maximum vertical live and dead loads for each floor. Each member (called "chords" or "webs") and joint within the truss is designed for the maximum stress under compression or tension.

But the WTC trusses picked up addditional lateral loads once the plane hit the tower. Although there are redundancies built into most engineered systems, I highly doubt that these trusses were designed to accomodate that load.

I also agree that the WTC was a wonder of engineering. The fact that both towers withstood the impact of a plane and continued to stand at all is just amazing.

Delphi - you should pick up a copy of "Why Buildings Fall Down". It pre-dates the WTC disaster, but it's a great read and it mentions many of the things that we have discussed (unplanned variables, etc).
 
....
In the case of the WTC, I found the PBS special very informative. It's been a while since I've seen it, but if I remember correctly the trusses are what were holding the buildings together after the impact. Of course when you start changing reactions around (members that should be in compression become in tension and vice-versa), and add high temperatures, I'm surprised the towers stood as long as they did.
Oh my God, there must have been a counter conspiracy at work that specifically strengthened the trusses to try and stop the government implementing their evil plan :jaw-dropp

Get to work on it, Alek!
 
It seems like this is the second time I've come to a 9/11 CT thread just in time to see the thread die.

I guess I'll never find out why the government destroyed WTC7...
 
I guess I'll never find out why the government destroyed WTC7...

Well, IIRC from reading these threads here and at the BAUT and ApolloHoax Forums among others, there was some type of "Secret" Government office in WTC7 and the powers-that-be did not want that activity exposed so they "arranged" for the destruction of WTC7.

too bad alex didn't have any staying power, I've seen these run into the mutiple pages elsewhere--heck, we never even got to the WTC fellow saying "pull it" argument...
 
Well, IIRC from reading these threads here and at the BAUT and ApolloHoax Forums among others, there was some type of "Secret" Government office in WTC7 and the powers-that-be did not want that activity exposed so they "arranged" for the destruction of WTC7.

too bad alex didn't have any staying power, I've seen these run into the mutiple pages elsewhere--heck, we never even got to the WTC fellow saying "pull it" argument...

I haven't heard the "Secret Government Office" conspracy. Very convienient.

But how did they plan on "covering it up"? They "covered up" the destruction of the two towers with planes. They "covered up" the "missle" in the pentagon with another plane. But what had they planned on covering up the WTC7 collapse with? Did they plan on the debris to fall specifically on that building alone to explain the collapse? It really seems like bad planning considering the level of creativity, intelligence, and resources the conspiracy nuts seem to give to the powers-that-be.

Alek likes to pretend that he's a critical thinker, but there are so many holes in the conspiracy theory he can't possibly be thinking about anything that doesn't support his little theory.

Here's just a few head-scratchers that I have. There are hundreds more. None of which make any sense.

If explosives were used, why was there a delay between the impact of the planes and the collapse of the building? Wouldn't it have made more sense to just collapse the building at the moment of impact, thus hiding the detonation and eliminating so much fodder for the conspiracy theorists?

If theorists claim that it was a controlled demolition, then I'm assuming that a "normal" collapse would have been messier somehow (buidling collapsing sideways, etc). If a messier collapse was somehow a possibility, again why would their be a wait between the impact and the detonation? Why risk it?
 
I haven't heard the "Secret Government Office" conspracy. Very convienient.

But how did they plan on "covering it up"? They "covered up" the destruction of the two towers with planes. They "covered up" the "missle" in the pentagon with another plane. But what had they planned on covering up the WTC7 collapse with? Did they plan on the debris to fall specifically on that building alone to explain the collapse? It really seems like bad planning considering the level of creativity, intelligence, and resources the conspiracy nuts seem to give to the powers-that-be.

Alek likes to pretend that he's a critical thinker, but there are so many holes in the conspiracy theory he can't possibly be thinking about anything that doesn't support his little theory.

Here's just a few head-scratchers that I have. There are hundreds more. None of which make any sense.

If explosives were used, why was there a delay between the impact of the planes and the collapse of the building? Wouldn't it have made more sense to just collapse the building at the moment of impact, thus hiding the detonation and eliminating so much fodder for the conspiracy theorists?

If theorists claim that it was a controlled demolition, then I'm assuming that a "normal" collapse would have been messier somehow (buidling collapsing sideways, etc). If a messier collapse was somehow a possibility, again why would their be a wait between the impact and the detonation? Why risk it?
Not to mention, why would they even make it a controlled demolition? If mass destruction, not safety, was the goal, why not just wire it kind of pseudo-randomly so it looked more uncontrolled?
 
Not to mention, why would they even make it a controlled demolition? If mass destruction, not safety, was the goal, why not just wire it kind of pseudo-randomly so it looked more uncontrolled?

Bingo! If you look at some of the "squib" claims, and some of the video segments and stills that the "planned explosion" CTers show as evidence, they show random "squib" blow-outs - but how do they reconcile that with an apparently symmetrical, controlled fall? If what they point to are squibs, why didn't the buildings fall to the side? On the other hand, if it was a controlled demo, why don't we see an orderly, timed squib sequence?

I see Alek is still lurking here; what a coward.
 
I find it hard to intuit how the structure at the point of impact would go from bearing the entire load, to none of it, unilaterally, symmetrically, and instantaneously, without any signs of buckling or weakening beforehand. The steel would have to go from say, 60% to 0% instantly. I find this infeasible. It's not as if modern buildings just disintegrate and collapse into a free fall when their structures fail. They buckle, then they topple, slowly (absent a thermite induced controlled demolition).

Please go to here and watch the "Big Blue" crane collapse video.
As the base of the crane fails (the operators were not using it in windy conditions properly), it begins to fall sideways. When the main boom of the crane encounters some of the steel roof structure that's already been installed, there is so much momentum involved that the steel folds like paper.
The structure of The Twin Towers, while certainly stronger, had orders of magnitude more mass involved in their collapse. With the sheer momentum involved here, it hardly matters if the Towers' support structure was magically changed to titanium, balsa wood, or tissue paper when the impact from the floor above arrived. The changes in the speed of collapse would've been within observational error (after all, we didn't have any high-speed cameras pointed at the towers, and things were getting occluded by dust anyway) at the scales involved.

As for 'slowly' buckling and toppling buildings, that's because controlled demolition teams WANT them done that way. It spreads out the energy of the collapse and reduces vibration.
Most 'natural' building collapses are on a much smaller scale. Loads gradually change as a piece of the structure fails, so they slowly buckle until they reach a complete failure point.
The loads in the Towers changed instantaneously, beyond their failure point, so they failed instantaneously.
 
Bingo! If you look at some of the "squib" claims, and some of the video segments and stills that the "planned explosion" CTers show as evidence, they show random "squib" blow-outs - but how do they reconcile that with an apparently symmetrical, controlled fall? If what they point to are squibs, why didn't the buildings fall to the side? On the other hand, if it was a controlled demo, why don't we see an orderly, timed squib sequence?

I see Alek is still lurking here; what a coward.

I'm not lurking, I'm waiting for an earnest, objective post to respond to. Since everyone here already knows what happend and what didn't on 9/11, that isn't likely to happen.

The bautforum that was linked to earlier contains a much more civil discussion, and isn't quite so provincial.

I've come to the conclusion that self-designated skeptics are vain, condescending, and intellectually insecure, much like Mensans. They'd like to think they're endowed with large amounts of reason and objectivity when they aren't.

Don't cast your pearls before swine.
 
I'm not lurking, I'm waiting for an earnest, objective post to respond to.
I'm waiting for someone who agrees with me.
Since everyone here already knows what happend and what didn't on 9/11, that isn't likely to happen.
Since you all insist on evidence and don't simply accept my word as the absolute truth, I'm taking my toys and going home.
The bautforum that was linked to earlier contains a much more civil discussion, and isn't quite so provincial.
These people agree with me, so they aren't close-minded.
I've come to the conclusion that self-designated skeptics are vain, condescending, and intellectually insecure, much like Mensans.
I'm pissed because you showed me up for a fool. Not that I can admit that.
They'd like to think they're endowed with large amounts of reason and objectivity when they aren't.
Since I can't offer any evidence to prove my arguments, or disprove yours, I'll attack your character. That'll show ya!
Don't cast your pearls before swine.
You might as well give up, because I'm a pig, and I'm just going to wallow in the mud.

Translation Services courtesy of Huntsman Idiolinguistics, Inc.
 
Please go to here and watch the "Big Blue" crane collapse video.
As the base of the crane fails (the operators were not using it in windy conditions properly), it begins to fall sideways. When the main boom of the crane encounters some of the steel roof structure that's already been installed, there is so much momentum involved that the steel folds like paper.
The structure of The Twin Towers, while certainly stronger, had orders of magnitude more mass involved in their collapse. With the sheer momentum involved here, it hardly matters if the Towers' support structure was magically changed to titanium, balsa wood, or tissue paper when the impact from the floor above arrived. The changes in the speed of collapse would've been within observational error (after all, we didn't have any high-speed cameras pointed at the towers, and things were getting occluded by dust anyway) at the scales involved.

I completely agree. It's unreasonable to assume the towers would, or could topple past a certain point. As another poster on BAUT forum correctly pointed out, physical models don't always scale well. For instance, you couldn't take an 11' steel model of the towers and expect it to behave similarly to the 110 story real thing. The blue crane video you linked is evidence of this.

I would also point out that there is video evidence which tends to corroborate the OCT (official conspiracy theory). There are video angles of the south tower in which it appears to topple, collapsing asymmetrically before failing to do so and then falling straight down. After some searching, I found a link to the video:

http://www.plaguepuppy.net/public_html/collapse update/--=Close-up of south tower collapse.mpg

I do not think this negates the likelyhood of a controlled demolition (in light of the multitude of other evidence), but it certainly strengthens the idea that the towers fell asymmetrically as would be expected from asymmetric damage (kinetic energy of jets + hydrocarbon fires).

I think because of this, it's also somewhat more difficult to ascertain whether a collapsing skyscraper on the order of the twin towers is collapsing symmetrically, or asymmetrically, based on video evidence.

Another interesting video I found is this:

http://www.plaguepuppy.net/public_html/video archive/Shaking before WTC-1 collapse.mpg

Note the static position of the camera (probably due to the use of a tripod), then note the tremor that occurs moments before the collapse. Could you offer an explanation as to what this is?

As for 'slowly' buckling and toppling buildings, that's because controlled demolition teams WANT them done that way. It spreads out the energy of the collapse and reduces vibration.
Most 'natural' building collapses are on a much smaller scale. Loads gradually change as a piece of the structure fails, so they slowly buckle until they reach a complete failure point.
The loads in the Towers changed instantaneously, beyond their failure point, so they failed instantaneously.

I've learned more about controlled demolition recently. An interesting site to visit is Implosion World. They offer lots of video plus the history of controlled demolition. Some of their demolition videos feature buildings that are much closer in scale to the WTC 7 building. These buildings can be seen crumbling, toppling, and imploding in various fashion. The collapse of the WTC 7 building strikes me as a prime example of an A+ controlled demolition. In fact, if asymmetric fire damage can cause such a breathtakingly symmetrical near free-fall collapse and implosion as witnessed of that building, then perhaps I should consider a career in demolition. After all, if random fires can cause such a tidy rubble pile, how hard can it be?

Some will cite eyewitness testimony that the south face of WTC 7 was severely damaged by debris from the collapse of the north tower, and the testimony is credible (it's from a fire captain as i recall). There is little to no video or photographic evidence of this. However, if you accept this, then you should also accept other firefighters video testimony that they heard what they thought were bombs going off in the towers, and you should accept this without interpretation. If one firefighter is capable of making the reasonable observation that the building was severely damaged, then certainly other firefighters can make the reasonable observation that they heard what they thought were bombs going off. Structural engineers are more qualified in ascertaining severe damage, and demolitions experts are more qualified in identifying explosive detonations aurally, but this doesn't mean firefighters can't do a decent job of either.

The Bankers Trust building deserves attention. Here is a satellite photo of the World Trade Center complex pre-9/11:

worldtradecenter_nyc800.jpg


The WTC 7 building appears just southeast of 12 o'clock, to the northeast of the WTC 6 building. The Banker's Trust building appears just north of 6 o'clock directly south of the South Tower (WTC 2). Bankers trust suffered damage similar to what was claimed by the firefighter about WTC 7, and there is photographic evidence:

engineering_img_b_130libertyst.jpg


So what is the difference between Banker's Trust and the WTC 7 building? Well, Banker's Trust was closer to the south tower than the WTC 7 building was to the north tower. Banker's Trust also didn't have the WT6 building in between it and the north tower. WTC 6 is a miraculous story by itself. After receiving the full brunt of the north tower's collapse, plus fire damage, it failed to collapse! It was later admittedly "pulled" according to the PBS documentary "America Rebuilds". Note that WTC 6 is visible as the small structure in the northwest corner of the WTC complex. Finally, Banker's Trust wasn't leased by Larry Silverstein.

So, what indeed is the difference between these buildings that caused the spectacular, unprecedented (well, unless you count the twin towers) collapse of WTC 7, but left Banker's Trust standing tall?

One shouldn't select evidence at all, let alone in a crime the scope of 9/11. While there is an overriding emotional, and by the mainstream media's account, evidential reason to accept the government's OCT, that doesn't justify the selection of evidence as many so-called "skeptics" on this thread have done. Consider all the evidence, with an open mind. There is much, much more.
 
Delphi - you should pick up a copy of "Why Buildings Fall Down". It pre-dates the WTC disaster, but it's a great read and it mentions many of the things that we have discussed (unplanned variables, etc).
Sir, I will most definitely do so. It sounds very interesting, and I appreciate the recommendation!
 
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