SuperMurrio
Thinker
There are stars in some of those pics! But they are in the wrong positions.That must be why special effects involving multiple photographic elements never existed until digital digital photography was invented.
Multiple exposure effects have been around almost as long as photography. Exposing the stars onto the film wouldn't have required Photoshop, just expertise in visual effects for film.
All these images were created without any digital processing, with multiple VFX elements photographed separately.
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Again, just because you don't know how to do something doesn't mean that no one else does.