How to refute pseudoskepticism in the case of the existence of spirits?
To refute pseudoskepticism regarding the existence of spirits, it can be argued that the traditional requirement for scientific proof may be inadequate for phenomena that, by their nature, are not easily reproducible in the laboratory
Limitations of science: Science, as classically defined, requires a subject matter, a language, and a method. Pseudoskepticism often invokes the authority of science to disqualify claims that do not align with its beliefs, but the opinions of scientists should not be taken as authority outside their specialty. Nature of phenomena: Psychic or spiritual phenomena may require special conditions to occur and cannot be reproduced in the laboratory. Non-reproducibility should not be a reason to deny their existence.
What is pseudoskepticism:
Pseudoskepticism can manifest itself in the a priori rejection of claims without rigorous investigation, adopting scientific explanations in a dogmatic way and
disregarding subjective experiences and the possibility of phenomena not yet understoodEpistemic basis: Belief systems can arise from the need to fill cognitive gaps, resorting to imaginary explanations. The distinction between the "existent" (verifiable and independent of the observer) and the "non-existent" (restricted to a belief system) is fundamentalGenuine skepticism:
True skepticism involves rigorous investigation, without rejecting any claims a priori, and considering all evidence and possibilities before reaching a definitive conclusion