Osama bin Laden and a handful of his “Afgan Arab” lieutenants created al-Qaeda in the late 1980s as an outgrowth of his (much overrated, to be honest) efforts fighting the Soviets in Afghanistan throughout that decade. His Afghanistan jihad in that decade was sponsored by Saudi intelligence, generously assisted by members of both his own large and wealthy family and the even larger and wealthier House of Saud, among other wealthy and non-wealthy royals and commoners in other parts of the Arab world, particular the Gulf monarchies. Their support was generally welcomed by Pakistani intelligence (who were really the ones calling the shots in the war against the Soviets, because they were the intermediary for all CIA and others foreign government assistance to the mujahideen, and via their distribution of funds and weapons, the Pakistani ISI could pick winners and losers among the various mujahideen factions).
The Saudi/Gulf-sponsored “Afghan Arabs” with Osama bin Laden (and even more so at the time, his jihadist mentor Abdullah Azzam) as their point man, could run their own parallel “private” fundraising, logistical, and operational programs beyond what the Saudis agreed to matched the CIA dollar-for-dollar to the ISI-controlled operations.
There’s ZERO evidence that the CIA ever directly crossed paths with Abdullah Azzam and Osama bin Laden’s efforts. At best, they were vaguely aware of some Saudi-coordinated “private Arab volunteers” whose fundraising was controlled by a religiously zealous Saudi trust-funder. To the extent the Americans knew about the Arab volunteers, they didn’t think highly of them other than that they might be useful cannon fodder.
Bin Laden was greeted with a hero’s welcome in Saudi Arabia after the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan, but when he tried to rally the troops against Saddam Hussein in defense of his country (the site of the Holy Places, which the bin Laden construction family had always had a sweetheart deal/exclusive contract with the Saudi rulers to renovate), he was not only met with rejection and condescension (thanks, but no thanks), he learned that the “Custodians of the Holy Places”, with the grudging blessing of the Wahhabi establishment (!) had taken up a better offer - the infidel Americans, whose military would soon enter the Kingdom en masse.
Can you imagine the HUMILIATION and anger felt by bin Laden? “After all I’ve done for you, this is how you repay me?!”
Most if not all of you know this history, but it bears repeating when we talk about the origins, evolution, and escalation of al-Qaeda’s operations and targets.