I think there was a progressive wave, from the late 1800s until about 1950 or so, that was focused on using the state to reform humanity. "Progress" in this period was progress towards the goal of making better humans. This wave crested with Marxism-Leninism in the Soviet Union.
Marx had predicted that humanity would evolve naturally into a better form. In turn, this better humanity would build a better society - the worker's paradise. Lenin proposed that it should be possible to trigger this evolution artificially: Build the better society first, and build the better humanity from it. This experiment failed miserably, and with horrific results.
Since the 1950s, there has been another progressive wave, more intent on reforming the state itself, but also still desiring to reform society, and ultimately to reform humanity into something better.
Anyway, that's what we see among "first wave" progressives: People who dreamed of a Better Humanity, and who saw the state as the proper agent to make that Humanity. Thus eugenics as a tool of progress.
Thus also the enthusiasm for new, more totalitarian forms of government. Fascism and communism were seen as
progress, as innovations that would take humanity to the next level, beyond what liberal democratic systems could achieve. Fascism fell out of favor not because progressives recoiled from the idea of the state molding its citizenry towards a goal, but because
everyone recoiled from Adolf Hitler's obscene perversion of the idea.
Even today, there are American progressives who still see the totalitarian state as an agent of progress.
And progressive denunciation of the Soviet experiment has always been surprisingly diffident.